Kentsel Dönüşüm Uygulamalarında Kurumsal Kapasite Yaratmanın Önemi
6306 sayılı Afet Riski Altındaki Alanların Dönüştürülmesi Hakkında Kanun tüm kentsel alanları kentsel dönüşüme konu haline getirmiştir. Merkez yetkisindeki yasanın uygulanması yetki devri ile yerel yönetimlere bırakılmıştır. Kentsel dönüşüm gibi oldukça karmaşık ve çok aktörlü, beklenen sonuçları çok boyutlu olan bir planlama eyleminde kurumların kendini buna karşılık verecek şekilde yeniden yapılandırması kaçınılmaz denilebilir. Kurumsal yeniden yapılandırmanın hedefteki planlama eylemi doğrultusunda nasıl yapılacağı; bu yapının kapasite ve yapabilirliğinin nasıl sağlanacağı; bu yapının farklı kurum ve organizasyonlarla, problem kapsamındaki aktörlerle ilişki ağlarını nasıl kuracağı; bu yapının süresi-sürekliliğinin ne olacağı önem kazanan sorulardır. Bu doğrultuda, bu araştırmanın amacı, yerel yönetimlerin bu süreci yürütebilecek etkin ve yetkinlikte bir kurumsal kapasite yaratabilme kabiliyetlerinin sorgulanmasıdır. Sorgulama üç farklı büyük şehir belediyesi ile derinlemesine mülakatlar yoluyla yapılmış ve bulgular tartışmaya açılmıştır.
The Importance of Institutional Capacity Creating in Urban Transformation Processes
Law Regarding the Transformation of Areas under Risk of Disaster (Law No: 6306 enacted in 2012) made all urban areas subject to urban transformation. Although the Ministry was principal authority, implication process was delegated to the responsibility of local authorities. In order to achieving implication processes, local authorities have to being restrucured institutionally and creating institutional capacities. Some concerns have been arisen in restructuring process that those, eventually, define the method of the capacity creating in order to succeed the targeted transformation action in the targeted area. Concerns are upon those questions: what is the way of establishing institutional capacity? What is the way of setting institutional strategic vision in order to achieving targeted urban transformation? What is the way of setting relations between the institution and other related institutions? What is the way of setting relations between the institution and actors involved in the transformation process? In that context, the aim of this research is to investigate the capabilities of local authorities in institutional restructuring and institutional capacity creating. Investigation was done by face-to-face interviews with three different metropolitan municipalities and evidences were discussed consistent with theoretical background.
___
- Albrechts, L. (2004). Strategic (spatial) planning reexamined, Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design, 31, 743-758.
- Alexander, E.R. (2006). Institutional Design for Sustainable Development, The Town Planning Review, 77( 1), 1-27.
- Amin, A. and Thrift, N. (1995). Globalization, institutional thickness and the local economy, Ed. P. Healey, S. Cameron, S. Davoudi vd, Managing Cities , 91-108, London: John Wilev and Son.
- Boons, F., Spekking, W. (2012). Levels of Institutional Capacity and Actor Expectations about Industrial Symbiosis Evidence from the Dutch Stimulation Program 1999–2004, Journal of Industrial Ecology, 16(1), 61-69.
- Buitelaar, E., Lagendijk, A., Jacobs, W.A.A. (2007). A theory of institutional change : illustrated by Dutch city-regions and Dutch land policy, Environment and Planning A, 39(4), 891-908.
- de Magalhaes, C.S. (2004). Centres of Excellence for Urban Regeneration: Promoting Institutional Capacity and Innovation or Reaffirming Old Ideas?, Planning Theory and Practice, 5(1), 33-47.
- Gualini, E. (2017). Institutional Capacity Building as an Issue of Collective Action and Institutialisation: Some Theroretical Remarks, Ed. G. Cars, P. Healey, A. Madanipour ve C. De Magalhaes, Urban Governance, Institutional Capacity and Social Mileux, 29-45, Routledge.
- Gupta, J., Termeer, C., Klosterman, J., Meijerink, S., van der Brink, M., Jong, P., Nooteboom, S., Bergsma, E. (2010). The Adaptive Capacity Wheel: a method to asses the inherent characteristics of institutions to enable the adaptive capacity of society, Environmental Science Policy, 13, 459-471.
- Hajer, M. (2003). A frame in the fields: policymaking and the reinvention of politics, Ed. M. Hajer ve H. Wagenaar, Deliberative Policy Analysis: Understanding Governance in the Network Society, 88-110, Cambridge University Press.
- Healey, P. (1991). Urban regeneration and the development industry, Regional Studies, 25, 97-11
- Healey, P., de Magalhaes, C., Madanipour, A., Pendlebury, J. (2002). Shaping City Centre Futures: Conservation, Regeneration and Institutional Capacity Regeneration in Grainger Town, Newcastle, CRUE (Centre for Research in European Urban Environments: Newcastle-upon-Tyne) Working Papers, University of Newcastle.
- Healey, P., de Magalhaes, C., Madanipour, A., Pendlebury, J. (2003). Place, identity and local politics: analysing initiatives in deliberative governance, Ed. M. Hajer ve H. Wagenaar, Deliberative Policy Analysis: Understanding Governance in the Network Society, 60-87, Cambridge University Press.
- Innes, J.E., Booher, D.E. (2004). Reframing public participation: strategies for the 21st century, Planning Theory and Practice, 5(4), 419-436.
- Memon, A., Davies, T.G., Fookes, T. (2007). Institutional arrangements for metropolitan government and strategic planning in Auckland, New Zeland Geographer, 63, 43-54.
- Moulaert, F., Martinelli, F., Swyngedouw, E., Gonzales, S. (2005). Towards Alternative Model(s) of Local Innovation, Urban Studies, 42(11), 1969- 1990.
- Phelps, A., Tewdwr-Jones, M. (1998). Institutional capacity building in a strategic policy vacuum: the case of the Korean company LG in South Wales, Environment and Planning C: Goverment and Policy, 16, 735-755.
- Resmi Gazete (2012). Resmi Gazete No. 28309, Tertip: 5, Cilt: 52, 31/05/2012
- Rydin, Y., Pennington, M. (2000). Public Participation and Local Environmental Planning: The collective action problem and the potential of social capital, Local Environment, 5(2), 153-169.
- Thwala, W. D. (2009). Experiences and Challenges of Community Participation in Urban Renewal Projects: The Case of Johannesburg, South Africa, Journal of Construction in Developing Countries, 14(2), 37-54.
- Tüfekçi, Y. (2017). Kentsel Dönüşüm: Yerel Yönetimlerin Kentsel Dönüşüm Mevzuatına Yönelik Kurumsal Yapılanma ve Kapasiteleri, İTÜ Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Şehir Planlama Programı, Basılmamış Y. Lisans Tezi (Danışman: Doç. Dr. Elif Alkay)
- van der Berg, L. & Braun, E. (1999). Urban Competitiveness, Marketing and the Need for Organising Capacity, Urban Studies, 36(5/6), Review Issue: Competitive Cities, 987-999.
- Yi, Z., Liu, G., Lang, W., Shrestha, A., Martek, I. (2017). Strategic Approaches to Sustainable Urban Renewal in Developing Countries: A Case Study of Shenzhen, China, Sustainability, 1469(9), 1-19.
- Zhao, P. (2015). The evolution of the urban planning system in contemporary China: an institutional approach, IDPR, 37(3), 269-287.
- ISSN: 1300-7319
- Yayın Aralığı: Yılda 3 Sayı
- Başlangıç: 1986
- Yayıncı: TMMOB Şehir Plancıları Odası
Sayıdaki Diğer Makaleler
Emin Yahya MENTEŞE, AZİME TEZER, Mehmet DEMİR
ÖZLEM ÖZÇEVİK, MELİS OĞUZ, AYŞE AKBULUT
Kentsel Dönüşüm Uygulamalarında Kurumsal Kapasite Yaratmanın Önemi
Konut Üretim Performansının Konuta Ekonomik Erişebilirlik Üzerindeki Etkisinin İncelenmesi
ESMA AKSOY KHURAMİ, ÖZGÜL BURCU ÖZDEMİR SARI
Kartografik Analiz ve Rehberli Gezi Yöntemleriyle Peyzaj Değişiminin Tespiti: İzmir Selçuk Örneği