Kartografik Analiz ve Rehberli Gezi Yöntemleriyle Peyzaj Değişiminin Tespiti: İzmir Selçuk Örneği

İnsan ve doğa arasındaki karmaşık ilişkilerin bir ürünü olan peyzajın, zamansal olarak değişiminin çoklu yöntemlerle tespit çalışmaları son 30 yılda ön plana çıkmıştır. Konu farklı disiplinlerin kendi yöntem ve teknikleri ile açıklanmaya çalışılmış ve bu kapsamda farklı teorilerle gelişmiştir. Bu makalenin amacı peyzajdaki değişimi niteliksel ve niceliksel olmak üzere çoklu yöntemler ile tespit ederek, peyzajdaki değişim süreçlerinin belirlenmesi ve bunların nüfus verileri ve planlar kapsamında değerlendirilmesidir. Bu amaçla 1957’den 2009’a kadar olan zamansal süreçte, İzmir’in Selçuk ilçesinin kent merkezi ve yakın çevresini kapsayan çalışma sınırlarındaki peyzaj değişimi; niceliksel olarak kartografik analiz, niteliksel olarak rehberli gezi yöntemi ile tespit edilmiştir. Araştırma alanı niceliksel olarak yapay alanlar, tarım alanları, meyve bahçeleri/zeytinlik alanlar ve diğer olmak üzere 4 arazi örtüsü/kullanım biçimine göre sınıflandırma yapılmıştır. Bu kapsamda elde edilen sonuçlar ile çalışma alanın alansal (ha), istatiksel ve mekansal değişimleri tespit edilmiş ve niceliksel olarak kentleşme, tarımda yoğunlaşma, yeniden bitkilenme ve stabil olmak üzere 4 değişim süreci belirlenmiştir. Çalışmanın niteliksel yönteminde ise saha çalışması ile 15 rehberli gezi yapılmıştır. Peyzajın değişimine dair rehberlerden elde edilen bilgiler ise tarım alanlarındaki değişim, meyve bahçeleri/zeytinlik alanların değişimi, yapay yüzeylerin değişimi ve peyzajdaki diğer değişimler olmak üzere 4 tematik başlık altında değerlendirilmiştir. Bu değerlendirme sonucunda ise peyzajdaki değişim mekansal olarak tespit edilerek haritalandırılmış ve kentleşme ve stabil olmak üzere 2 değişim sürecine referans verdiği görülmüştür. Araştırma sonucunda niceliksel ve nitelikel yöntemlerden elde edilen bulguların karşılaştırılmasında her iki yöntemin eksikliklerinin birbirlerini tamamlayarak giderdikleri görülmüştür. Bu kapsamda başta arazi örtüsü /kullanımındaki değişim olmak üzere çoklu yöntemler kent çalışmalarında da bir fırsat yaratacağı görülmektedir.

Detection of Landscape Change with Cartographic Analysis and Commented Walk Methods: The Case of İzmir-Selçuk

Multiple methods of determining the temporal change of landscape which is a product of the complex relations between man and nature have been the foreground in the last 30 years. The issue has been tried to be explained by its own methods and techniques of different disciplines and it has developed with different theories in this context. The aim of this article is to determine the changes in landscape by using multiple methods, to determine the change processes in the landscape and to assessment them within the scope of population data and plans. For this purpose, landscape changes from 1957 to 2009 in the study area which is covering the city centre of İzmir Selçuk district and surroundings of the city centre were quantitatively determined by cartographic analysis and qualitatively by commented walk methods. The research area was classified according to 4 land use/land cover type, including artificial field, agricultural areas, fruit gardens/olive grove areas and others. Within this scope, statistical and spatial changes of the study area were determined and 4 change processes were defined quantitatively as urbanization, increased cultivated land, re-vegetation and maintenance of land cover (no change). For the qualitative part of the study, commented walks were carried out with 15 people. The information obtained from the guidelines was evaluated under 4 thematic headings: change in agricultural areas, change of fruit gardens/olive grove areas, change of artificial field and other changes in landscape. As a result of this evaluation, the change in the landscape has been spatially determined and mapped, and it has been seen that it refers to 2 change processes as urbanization and maintenance of land cover (no change). As a result of the research, it was seen that the deficiencies of both methods were complementary to each other in comparing the findings obtained from qualitative and quantitative methods. In this context, it is seen that multiple methods, especially the change in land cover/use, will create an opportunity in urban studies.

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