Çok-Kapılı bir birim-yük depo tasarımında şekil ve orta-çapraz koridor konumunun değerlendirilmesi

Son yıllarda, e-ticaretin gelişmesi ile her gün binlerce ürün sipariş verilmekte ve sipariş sayısındaki bu ciddi artışa rağmen müşteriler verdikleri siparişlerin aynı-gün veya ertesi-gün teslim edilmelerini beklemektedirler. Müşteri memnuniyetini etkileyen en önemli unsurlardan biri haline gelen teslimat süresindeki bu beklenti verdikleri siparişlerin müşterilere zamanında ulaştırılmaları için depolardaki operasyonların etkili ve verimli bir şekilde yürütülmesi gerekliliğini ortaya çıkarmıştır. Depolarda en fazla zaman birim yüklerin raflara yerleştirilmesi ve raflardan toplanması için harcanmaktadır (depolama ve boşaltma). Depolama ve boşaltma için kat edilen seyahat mesafeleri deponun tasarımına, orta-çapraz koridor konumuna ve operasyon türüne bağlı olarak değişmektedir. Bu çalışmada, tek-komut, çift-komut ve çapraz-sevkiyat operasyonlarının beklenen seyahat mesafeleri için ayrık depo uzayında matematiksel formülasyonlar geliştirilmiştir. Geliştirilen kesikli formüller kullanılarak karma-komut operasyonlar için bir tamsayılı doğrusal olmayan programlama modeli oluşturulmuş ve oluşturulan optimizasyon modeli iki farklı senaryo için çözülmüştür. Sonuç olarak, depo tasarımının, orta çapraz koridor konumunun ve operasyon türünün beklenen seyahat mesafesi üzerindeki etkisi değerlendirilerek, iki bitişik duvar boyunca birden fazla kapıya sahip bir birim-yük depo tasarımında optimum orta-çapraz koridor konumu ve depo tasarımı belirlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Çoklu-kapılı birim-yük depo, Orta-çapraz koridor, Tek-komut operasyon, Çift-komut operasyon ve Çapraz-sevkiyat operasyonu

Evaluating the shape and the mid-cross-aisle location in a multi-dock unitload warehouse design

In recent years, thousands of products are ordered by online every day with the development of e-commerce and customers expect their orders to be delivered on the same day or the following day despite the significant increase in the number orders. This expectation in delivery times, becoming one of the most important factors that affect customer satisfaction, reveals the requirement of effective and efficient operations in warehouses to deliver orders to customers on time. In warehouses, the most time is spent in storing/retrieving products on/from shelves (storage and retrieval). The expected distances traveled for storing and retrieving vary depending on the warehouse design, the mid-cross-aisle location and operation type. In this study, mathematical formulations of expected distances for single-command, dual-command and cross-docking operations are developed in a discrete storage space. A nonlinear-integer programming model is developed for mixed-command operations by using discrete formulations developed and the optimization model is solved for two different scenarios. As a result, considering the effect on expected travel distance of the warehouse design, the mid-cross-aisle location and the operation type, the optimal location of the mid-cross aisle and warehouse design are determined in a unit-load warehouse having multiple dock doors along two adjacent walls.

Keywords:

Multi-dock-door unit-load warehouse, Mid-cross-aisle, Single-command operation, Dual-Command operation and Crossdocking operation,

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