Düşük risk prostat kanserinde nötrofil lenfosit oranı veya platelet lenfosit oranı tümörde evre yükselmesini öngörebilir mi?

Amaç: Düşük riskli prostat kanseri (PK) olan hastaların tedavi seçiminde, aktif izlem (Aİ) ve aktif tedaviyi (AT) öngören bazı karar verme araçları pahalı olması nedeni ile kolayca erişilebilir değildir. Bu nedenle, biz bu çalışmamızda PK'lı hastaların preoperatif olarak doğru evrelendirilmesi için farklı, kolay, ulaşılabilir bir parametre belirlemeyi amaçladık. Gereç ve yöntem: Radikal prostatektomi uygulanan ve klinik evre T2a, Gleason skor (GS) ≤6, prostat spesifik antijen seviyesi

Does neutrophil and platelets to lymphocyte ratios predict gleason score upgrading in low-risk prostate cancer patients?

Purpose: Some of decision-making factors predicting treatment selection, active surveillance (AS) and active treatment (AT), are expensive and not easily accessible in patients with a low-risk prostate cancer (PCa). Therefore, in this study, we aimed to determine a different, easy, achievable parameter for preoperatively correct staging of patients with PCa. Materials and methods: We retrospectively reviewed the records of 59 men undergoing radical prostatectomy with clinical stage T2a PCa, Gleason score (GS) ≤6 grade, prostate-specific antigen level

PDF

___

1. Moyer VA. U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Screening for prostate cancer: U.S. preventive services task force recommendation statement. Ann Intern Med 2012;157:120-134. https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819- 157-2-201207170-00459
2. Bastian PJ, Carter BH, Bjartell A, et al. Insignificant prostate cancer and active surveillance: from definition to clinical implications. Eur Urol 2009;55:1321-1332. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eururo.2009.02.028
3. McVey GP, McPhail S, Fowler S, McIntosh G, Gillatt D, Parker CC. Initial management of low-risk localized prostate cancer in the UK: analysis of the British association of urological surgeons cancer registry. BJU Int 2010;106:1161-1164. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1464- 410X.2010.09288.x
4. Wilt TJ, Brawer MK, Jones KM, et al. Radical prostatectomy versus observation for localized prostate cancer. N Engl J Med 2012;367:203-213. https://doi. org/10.1056/NEJMoa1113162
5. Faria EF, Chapin BF, Muller RL, Machado RD, Reis RB, Matin SF. Radical prostatectomy for locally advanced prostate cancer: current status. Urology 2015;86:10- 15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.urology.2015.03.012
6. Tran E, Paquette M, Pickles T, et al. Population-based validation of a policy change to use long-term androgen deprivation therapy for cT3-4 prostate cancer: impact of the EORTC22863 and RTOG 85-31 and 92-02 trials. Radiother Oncol 2013;107:366-371. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.radonc.2013.05.003
7. D’Amico AV, Whittington R, Malkowicz SB, et al. Biochemical outcome after radical prostatectomy, external beam radiation therapy, or interstitial radiation therapy for clinically localized prostate cancer. JAMA 1998;280:969-974. https://doi.org/10.1001/ jama.280.11.969
8. Cantiello F, Russo GI, Ferro M, et al. Prognostic accuracy of Prostate Health Index and urinary Prostate Cancer Antigen 3 in predicting pathologic features after radical prostatectomy. Urol Oncol 2015;33:163.15-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.urolonc.2014.12.002
9. Ozmen S, Timur O, Calik I, et al. Neutrophillymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) may be superior to C-reactive protein (CRP) for predicting the occurrence of differentiated thyroid cancer. Endocr Regul 2017;51:131-136. https://doi.org/10.1515/enr2017-0013
10. Lee YS, Nam HS, Lim JH, et al. Prognostic impact of a new score using neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratios in the serum and malignant pleural effusion in lung cancer patients. BMC Cancer 2017;17:557. https://doi. org/10.1186/s12885-017-3550-8
11. Jang WS, Cho KS, Kim MS, et al. The prognostic significance of postoperative neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio after radical prostatectomy for localized prostate cancer. Oncotarget 2017;8:11778-11787. https://doi. org/10.18632/oncotarget.14349
12. Gokce MI, Hamidi N, Suer E, Tangal S, Huseynov A, Ibis A. Evaluation of neutrophilto-lymphocyte ratio prior to prostate biopsy to predict biopsy histology: results of 1836 patients. Can Urol Assoc J 2015;9:761-765. https://doi.org/10.5489/cuaj.3091
13. Roobol MJ, Verbeek JF, van der Kwast T, Kummerlin IP, Kweldam CF, van Leenders GJ. Improving the rotterdam European randomized study of screening for prostate cancer risk calculator for initial prostate biopsy by incorporating the 2014 international society of urological pathology gleason grading and cribriform growth. Eur Urol 2017;72:45-51. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.eururo.2017.01.033
14. Cary KC, Cooperberg MR. Biomarkers in prostate cancer surveillance and screening: past, present, and future. Ther Adv Urol 2013;5:318-329. https://doi. org/10.1177/1756287213495915
15. de Cobelli O, Terracciano D, Tagliabue E, et al. Body mass index was associated with upstaging and upgrading in patients with lowrisk prostate cancer who met the inclusion criteria for active surveillance. Urol Oncol 2015;33:201-208. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. urolonc.2015.02.004
16. Ferro M, Lucarelli G, Bruzzese D, et al. Low serum total testosterone level as a predictor of upstaging and upgrading in low-risk prostate cancer patients meeting the inclusion criteria for active surveillance. Oncotarget 2017;8:18424-18434. https://doi.org/10.18632/ oncotarget.12906
17. Grivennikov SI, Greten FR, Karin M. Immunity, inflammation, and cancer. Cell 2010;140:883-899. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2010.01.025
18. Hanahan D, Weinberg RA. Hallmarks of cancer: the next generation. Cell 2011;144:646-674. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.cell.2011.02.013
19. Wei Y, Jiang YZ, Qian WH. Prognostic role of NLR in urinary cancers: a meta-analysis. PLoS One 2014;9:92079. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal. pone.0092079
20. Wu Y, Li C, Zhao J, et al. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratios predict chemotherapy outcomes and prognosis in patients with colorectal cancer and synchronous liver metastasis. World J Surg Oncol 2016;14:289. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12957- 016-1044-9
21. Bagante F, Tran TB, Postlewait LM, et al. Neutrophillymphocyte and platelet-lymphocyte ratio as predictors of disease specific survival after resection of adrenocortical carcinoma. J Surg Oncol 2015;112:164- 172. https://doi.org/10.1002/jso.23982
22. van Soest RJ, Templeton AJ, Vera Badillo FE, et al. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio as a prognostic biomarker for men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer receiving first-line chemotherapy: data from two randomized phase III trials. Ann Oncol 2015;26:743-749. https://doi.org/10.1093/annonc/ mdu569
23. Langsenlehner T, Pichler M, Thurner EM, et al. Evaluation of the platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio as a prognostic indicator in a European cohort of patients with prostate cancer treated with radiotherapy. Urol Oncol 2015;33:201.9-16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. urolonc.2015.02.002
24. Bakewell SJ, Nestor P, Prasad S, et al. Platelet and osteoclast beta3 integrins are critical for bone metastasis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2003;100:14205- 14210. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2234372100
25. Smyth SS, McEver RP, Weyrich AS, et al. Platelet functions beyond hemostasis. J Thromb Haemost 2009;7:1759-1766. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1538- 7836.2009.03586.x
26. Hayashi T, Fujita K, Tanigawa G, et al. Serum monocyte fraction of white blood cells is increased in patients with high gleason score prostate cancer. Oncotarget 2017;8:35255-35261. https://doi.org/10.18632/ oncotarget.13052
27. Michalaki V, Syrigos K, Charles P, Waxman J. Serum levels of IL-6 and TNF-alpha correlate with clinicopathological features and patient survival in patients with prostate cancer. Br J Cancer 2004;90:2312- 2316. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.bjc.6601814
28. Mantovani A, Allavena P, Sica A, Balkwill F. Cancerrelated inflammation. Nature 2008;454:436-444. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature07205