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• Bibliography Muhbir Rûznâme-i Cerîde-i Havâdis (RCH) Takvîm-i Vekâyi‘ (TV) Tasvîr-i Efkâr (TE) Akiba, Jun: “The Formation of the Modern Ottoman State and Education, Welfare and Charity”, Teruyuki Hirota, Nobuya Hashimoto and Akira Iwashita (eds.), The Welfare State and Education: Toward New Developments in Comparative Social and Educational History, Kyoto: Showa-do, 2014, pp. 141-157 (in Japanese). Akün, Ömer Faruk: “Nâmık Kemal,” Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı İslâm Ansiklopedisi, XXXII, pp.361-378. Ayalon, Yaron: Natural Disasters in the Ottoman Empire: Plague, Famine, and Other Misfortunes, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2015. Ben-Bassat, Yuval: Petitioning the Sultan: Protests and Justice in the Late Ottoman Palestine, London / New York: I. B. Tauris, 2013. Cezar, Mustafa: “Osmanlı Devrinde İstanbul Yapılarında Tahribat Yapan Yangınlar ve Tabii Âfetler,” Türk San’atı Tarihi, 1 (1963), pp. 327-414. Çavdar, Necati: “Muhbir Gazetesi’nin Bir Toplumsal Sorumluluk Projesi: Girit İsyanı’nda Zarar Gören Müslümanlar İçin Yardım Kampanyası,” Sultan Abdülaziz ve Dönemi Sempozyumu (Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu, 2014), IV, pp. 99-126. Çelik, Hüseyin: Ali Suavî ve Dönemi, İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları, 1994. Kuntay, Midhat Cemal: Sarıklı İhtilâlci Ali Suavi, İstanbul: Ahmet Halit Kitabevi, 1946. Kuzucu, Kemalettin: “Osmanlı Başkentinde Büyük Yangınlar ve Toplumsal Etkileri”, Osmanlı (Ankara: Yeni Türkiye Yayınları, 1999), V, pp. 687-699. Özbek, Nadir: Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’nda Sosyal Devlet: Siyaset, İktidar ve Meşruiyet (1876-1914), İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları, 2002. Sasaki, Shin: “The Formation of Young Ottomans Movement and the Cretan Problem: Fund-raising Campaign of the Newspaper Muhbir”, Journal of Asian and African Studies, 79 (Tokyo 2010), pp. 73-93 (in Japanese) ------: The Road to Ottoman Constitutional Government, Tokyo: University of Tokyo Press, 2014 (in Japanese). ------: “The Emergence of Journalism and the Formation of a Readership: From the Late Ottoman Experience”, Jun Akiba and Nobuya Hashimoto (eds.), A Social History of MIXED DYNAMISM OF RELIEF IN THE LATE OTTOMAN EMPIRE 180 Education in the Modern Islamic Areas: The Outlook from the Ottoman Empire, Kyoto: Showa-do, 2014, pp. 113-137 (in Japanese). Singer, Amy: Charity in Islamic Societies, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008. Su‘âvî: Defter-i A‘mâl-i ‘Âlî Paşa, Paris, n.d. Takada, Minoru: “International Comparative History of ‘Mixed Economy of Welfare’”, Minoru Takada and Tomoyo Nakano (eds.), Welfare, Kyoto: Minerva Shobo 2012, pp. 1-23 (in Japanese).