During history, the oldest records about mental retardation dates back to 300 years . Until 1800’s, a brutal attitude had been dominant. However the early 1800 was a period when these atitudes were much milder. The effects of the events after French revolution could be seen. During this period, important studies were held in education of retarded individuals in Europe. Likewise, 20th century witnessed important developments with respect to mental retardation. The studies of Pioneer theorists provided the application, legislation and principles of special needs education to take form in shape. In the light of this process, the purpose of this study is to, in general terms; analyze the important developments in Europe during 19th and 20th centuries.