Siber Güvenlikte Devlet Müdahalesinin Teorik, Ampirik ve Normatif Boyutları: Japonya Örneği

Devletlerin siber güvenliğe katılımlarını nispeten daha fazla ulusal güvenlik yönüne (ABD gibi) yönlendirdiği ileri sürülebilecek diğer büyük liberal demokratik ülkelerden farklı olarak, Japonya'da devletin siber güvenlik alanındaki rolü daha az net bir yönelime sahiptir. Bu çalışma, Cavelty ve Egloft'un (Cavelty ve Egloft, 2019) geliştirdiği analiz çerçevesini kullanarak Japonya'da devletin siber güvenlikteki rolünün doğasını açıklamaktadır. Bahsedilen bu çerçevede devletin rolü teorik, ampirik ve normatif boyutlarda analiz edilmektedir. Teorik boyut analizi, Japon devleti ile ilgili literatürdeki farklı teorilere odaklanırken, ampirik boyut analizi için veriler, siber güvenlikle ilgili önemli Japon devlet ve özel kuruluşlarının kamuya açık kayıtlarından alınmaktadır. Normatif boyut analizi, Japon devletinin dikkat sarfetmesi gerektiği düşünülen siber güvenlik politikalarının zaman ufku yönünü vurgulamaktadır. Sonuç olarak, Japon devletinin “bilgi yaratıcısı/yayıcı”, “toplumun destekçisi/temsilcisi”, “ortak” ve “garantör ve koruyucu” rollerini bünyesinde barındırdığı ve devlet kurumlarının Japonya'da daha iyi siber güvenlik için proaktif uzun vadeli politikalar ve girişimlere yönelmesi gerekliliği tespit edilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Siber güvenlik, devlet politikaları, Japonya, güvenlik politikaları, teknoloji politikaları

Theoretical, Empirical, and Normative Dimensions of State Involvement in Cybersecurity: The Case of Japan

Unlike other major liberal democratic countries where the states can be argued to have oriented their involvement in cybersecurity relatively more towards the national security aspect such as the US, the role of the state in the cybersecurity realm has a less clear-cut orientation in the case of Japan. This paper clarifies the nature of the role of state in cybersecurity in Japan using the framework utilized by Cavelty and Egloff’s 2019 article (Cavelty & Egloff, 2019). Within this framework, the role of the state is analyzed in theoretical, empirical, and normative dimensions. The theoretical dimension analysis focuses on different theories in literature regarding the Japanese state whereas the data for the empirical dimension analysis come from publicly available records by key Japanese state and private organizations involved in cybersecurity. The normative dimension analysis emphasizes the time horizon aspect of cybersecurity policies the Japanese state should be directing its attention. In conclusion, it is found that the Japanese state embodies the roles of “knowledge creator/disseminator”, “supporter/representative of society”, “partner”, and “guarantor and protector” in addition to a necessity for government bodies to turn towards proactive long-term policies and initiatives for better cybersecurity in Japan.

Keywords:

Cybersecurity, state policies, Japan, security policies, technology policies,

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