Yükseköğretimde İnsani Becerilerin Öğrenenlere Kazandırılması İçin Öz Yönelimli Öğrenme Modeli

Yükseköğretim kurumlarından, hızla değişen sosyal ve mesleki koşullara uyum sağlayabilecek niteliklere sahip bireyler yetiştirmesi beklenmektedir. Bu nitelikler, mesleki becerilerle birlikte insani becerileri de kapsamaktadır. İnsani beceriler, belirli bir disipline/mesleğe özgü olmayan genel becerilerdir. İnsani becerilerin yükseköğretimde öğrenenlere kazandırılmasında etkili olabilecek öğrenme modellerinden birisi öz yönelimli öğrenmedir. Bu modelde, öğrenenlerin öğrenme sürecinin bütün aşamalarında etkin olarak mesleki bilgi ve becerilerin yanı sıra insani beceriler de kazanması beklenmektedir. Bu araştırmanın amacı, yükseköğretimde öğrenenlere kazandırılması beklenen insani becerileri belirlemek ve öz yönelimli öğrenme modelinin onların kazandırılmasında etkililiğini tartışmaktır.  Araştırma, bir geleneksel derleme araştırmasıdır. Araştırma kapsamında, öğrenenlere kazandırılması beklenen insani beceriler ve öz yönelimli öğrenme modelinin temel özellikleri, bu modelin yükseköğretimde kullanılmasının uygunluğu ve insani becerilerin kazandırılmasındaki etkililiği tartışılmış, insani becerilerin kazanılmasında uygulanabilecek döngüsel bir öz yönelimli öğrenme modeli geliştirilmiştir. Araştırma sonuçları temel alınarak, insani becerilerin öğrenenlere kazandırılmasının yükseköğretimde uygulanan programların hedefleri arasına dâhil edilmesi, yükseköğretimde lisans/lisansüstü düzeylerdeki araştırma-uygulama odaklı derslerde öz yönelimli öğrenme modelinden ve bu araştırmada geliştirilen döngüsel öz yönelimli öğrenme modelinden faydalanılması önerilmektedir. 

Self-Directed Learning Model to Obtain Learners Soft Skills at Higher Education

Higher education institutions are expected to train individuals with qualifications to adapt to rapidly changing social-professional conditions. These qualifications include soft skills besides professional skills. Soft skills are general skills which are not specific to any discipline/profession. Self-directed learning model can be effective in helping learners acquire soft skills at higher education level. Because learners are always active in the learning process in this model, they can easily acquire soft skills besides various professional knowledge and skills. This study aims to determine soft skills expected to be acquired by learners at higher education and to discuss the effectiveness of the self-directed learning model in acquiring soft skills. The study is a traditional review study. Within the scope of the study, basic features of soft skills and the way they are acquired by learners at higher education are discussed. It is also  argued about self-directed learning model and  its suitability/ effectiveness in acquiring soft skills. Lastly, a curricular self-directed learning model that can be applied in acquiring soft skills has been developed. Based on the results of the study, it is suggested that the acquirement of soft skills by learners be included in the objectives of the curricula at higher education and also that self-directed learning model and the circular self-directed learning model developed in this study be applied in research/application-oriented courses at undergraduate / graduate levels of higher education.  

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