Suriye İç Savaşı ve Türkiye: Çatışma, Güvenlik ve Sığınma

Arap Baharı ayaklanmalarının başlangıcından kısa süre sonra Suriye’ye sıçrayan protestolar, Suriye rejiminin göstericilere şiddet uygulamasıyla tüm ülkeyi saran bir iç savaşa dönüşmüştür. 2011 yılında başlayan iç savaş yüzbinlerce insanın hayatını kaybetmesine neden olmuş, bunun yanında politik, ekonomik, sosyo-kültürel ve güvenlik alanlarında pek çok bölgesel problemi de beraberinde getirmiştir. Türkiye Suriye’deki iç savaştan en çok etkilenen ülkelerden biridir. DEAŞ (Irak ve Şam Devleti) ve PYD/YPG (Demokratik Birlik Partisi/Halk Savunma Birlikleri) gibi terör örgütlerinin varlığı, ABD ve Rusya’nın bölge üzerindeki hâkimiyet amacı, Ortadoğu’daki bölgesel güçlerin çıkarları gibi konular Türkiye’nin güvenliğini git gide artan oranda tehdit etmektedir. Ancak, iç savaşın Türkiye’nin güvenliğine etkisi akademik literatürde yeterli düzeyde analiz edilmemiştir. Literatürdeki bu boşluğu doldurmak için bu makale, Türkiye’nin güvenliği sorununu iki temel faktör bağlamında analiz etmektedir: yayılma etkisi ve sığınmacılar sorunu. Bu makalede birincil kaynak olarak Türkiye, ABD ve İngiltere tarafından yayınlanan resmi raporlar kullanılmaktadır. Bu kaynaklardan elde edilen veriler Türkiye’nin resmi yetkililerinin Türkiye’nin Suriye iç savaşı bağlamındaki açıklamalarıyla zenginleştirilecektir. Bu makale, Türkiye’nin Suriye’deki iç savaştan yayılma etkisi bağlamında ağır biçimde etkilendiği, ancak Suriyeli sığınmacıların güvenlik anlamında bugüne kadar büyük bir tehdit oluşturmadığı sonucuna varmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Suriye iç savaşı, Türkiye’nin güvenlik politikası, yayılma etkisi, sığınmacılar, sınır güvenliği

The Syrian Civil War and Turkey: Conflict, Security and Refugees

The Arab uprising protests spread into Syria after a short time, which turned into a civil war when the Syrian government attacked protesters. The civil war caused hundreds of thousands of people’s lives since its initiation in 2011 and brought about political, economic, socio-cultural and security issues. Turkey has been one of the most affected countries of the war in Syria. DAESH (Islamic State in Iraq and Syria) and PYD/YPG (Democratic Union Party/People’s Defence Units) terrorist organisations, the US and Russia’s rivalry to take the region under control, the competing interests of the regional powers of the Middle East posed security threats for Turkey. However, this issue has not been sufficiently assessed in the existing scholarly literature. In order to fill this gap, the article offers a bilateral analysis to understand Turkey’s security concerns: the spillover effect and the issue of refugees. This article uses official reports published by the Turkish and British governments and the US administration as primary sources. These sources are complemented through the speeches of Turkish officials to comprehend Turkey’s security perception in regard to the Syrian civil war. The article claims that the Syrian civil war has caused a threat towards Turkey’s security through the attacks of the terrorist organisations. However, the article has found that Syrian refugees have not caused any major security issues since the beginning of the conflict.

Keywords:

Syrian civil war, Turkey’s security policy, spillover effect, refugees, border security,

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