Çiftlik hayvanlarında major genlerin belirlenmesi ve genotip ayrımı

Bu makalede, çiftlik hayvanlarında major genlerin belirlenmesine yönelik metotların detaylı bir şekilde ortaya konması ve tartışılması amaçlanmışlar. Son zamanlarda istatistik ve moleküler genetik alanında gerçekleşen gelişmeler çiftlik hayvanlarının genetik ıslahında, büyük etkili kantitatif karakter lokuslarından yararlanabilme olanağını ortaya koymuştur. Hayvan populasyonlarında major genlerin ortaya çıkartılması ve bireylerin major lokustaki genotiplerinin belirlenmesi için çok basit (Major Gen İndeksi, Bartlett Testi, Skewness ve Kurtosis Katsayıları gibi) ve çok ayrıntılı istatistiki metotlar (segregasyon analizi) ortaya konmuştur. Bu basit metotlar, etkin olmamalarına karşın hesaplanmaları kolaydır ve bu metotlar major gen varlığının ön belirleyicisi olarak sistematik bir şekilde kullanılabilir. Günümüzde, "Segregasyon Analizi" en iyi major gen belirleme metodu olarak göz önüne alınmaktadır. Genotiplerin belirlenmesi için moleküler genetik alanında birçok uygulamaya girişilmiştir. Yakın zamanlarda kimi genetik markörler ile Booroola, Callipyge, Çift Kas, RN ve diğer major genler arasında bağlantı ortaya çıkartılmıştır. Major genler, çiftlik hayvanlarında genetik değerin hızlı bir şekilde ıslahında büyük bir potansiyele sahiptir. İstatistiki metotlar major genlerin belirlenmesinde ve genotip tayininde, genetik markör kullanımı gibi moleküler genetik metotlar ise çok daha doğru genotip tayininde kullanılabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

tespit etmek, genotip, çiftlik hayvanları, majör genler, genler

Detection and genotyping of major genes in farm animals

The purpose of this paper is to review and discuss the methods of major gene detection in farm animals in detail. Recent developments in statistics and molecular genetics have opened the possibility of exploiting of quantitative trait loci (QTL) with large effects for the genetic improvement of farm animals. Many simple (Major Gene Index, Bartlatt Test, Skewness and Kurtosis Coefficients, etc) and more elaborate (eg. segregation analysis) statistical methods have been proposed for the detection of major genes in animal populations and for the determination of genotype of individuals at the major locus. These simple methods are not very robust but easy to calculate, these methods could be used in a systematic way as first indicators of major gene segregation. At this time, the "segregation analysis" considered as the best method for major gene detection. Several approaches in molecular genetics area have been attempted to make the identification of genotypes. Recently linkage between genetic markers and Booroola, Callipyge, Double Muscling, RN and some of other major genes has been detected. In conclusion, major genes have a great potential for the rapid improvement of genetic merit in livestock. The statistical methods can be used for major gene determination and genotype assignment and the molecular genetic methods such as the use of genetic markers can be used for more accurate genotype assignment.

Keywords:

determination, genotypes, livestock, major genes, genes,

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