Bal arıları (Apis mellifera L.)'nda yapay tohumlama ve Türkiye için önemi

Koloninin genetik anahtarı niteliğindeki birey olan ana arının kovan dışında ve çok sayıda erkek arı ile çiftleşmesi genetik yapının kontrol edilmesini imkansız kılmaktadır. Bu nedenle bal arısı (Apis mellifera L.) gen kaynaklarının muhafazası izole bölge, kontrollü çiftleştirme alanı ve yapay tohumlama uygulamaları ile mümkündür. Saf yetiştiricilik ve hibrit yetiştiriciliği gibi kontrollü çiftleştirme gerektiren çalışmalar ise ancak yapay tohumlama ile başarılabilmektedir. Anadolu Dünyanın en önemli arı gen merkezlerinden birisidir. Bu genetik zenginlik son yıllarda yoğun ve kontrolsüz bir şekilde yapılan göçer arıcılık, ana arı ve koloni satışları gibi uygulamalar sonucu saflıklarını kaybetme aşamasındadırlar. Türkiye yapay tohumlama alt yapısını bir an önce kurarak bu genetik kaynakların muhafaza altına alınmasını başarmak durumundadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Anadolu, Apis mellifera, Türkiye, suni tohumlama, arıcılık, bal arısı, ana arılar, ana arı yetiştirme

Instrumental insemination in honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) and its importance for Türkiye

Queen is a genetic key of bee colony. It is impossible to control the genetic structure of colony as the queen mates with many drones at the outside of the colony. In this case the genetic resources of honey bee should be protected by restricted area, mating station and instrumental insemination. Pure and hybrid rearing which necessitate controlled mating can be performed by instrumental insemination technique. Anatolian is an important central of honey bee gene homeland. However, these genetic resources have been changed due to high migratory beekeeping activities, and high uncontrolled colony and queen selling. So Türkiye has to save all these genetic resources through setting up instrumental insemination substructures.

Keywords:

Anatolia, Apis mellifera, Turkey, artificial insemination, beekeeping, honey bees, queen honey bees, queen rearing,

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