ZEHRA CERTEL, ZİYA BAHADIR, Gül SÖNMEZ TİRYAKİ

Investigation of empathy and self- esteem in decision making and decision- making styles among those who played team sports

Bu çalışmanın amacı, takım sporu yapan sporcuların empati ve karar vermede öz saygı ve karar verme stillerinin cinsiyet, spor türü ve spor deneyimi değişkenlerine göre incelenmesi ve karar vermede özsaygı ve karar verme stillerine göre empatinin yordanması amaçlanmaktadır. Araştırma örneklem gurubunu 2010 sezonunda İzmir ilindeki kulüplerde lisanslı olarak basketbol (n=53) futbol, (n=76), hentbol (n=73) oynayan, yaş ortalaması ( Χ yaş =22.95±3.45) ve spor yapma süre ortalamaları ( Χ spordeneyimi =9.57±4.85) olan toplamda 202 sporcu oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada Mann ve Diğ. (1998) tarafından geliştirilen ve Türkçe’ye uyarlama çalışmaları Deniz (2004) tarafından yapılmış “Melbourne Karar Verme Ölçeği I-II’nin (Melbourne Decision Making Questionaire I-II)” ölçeği ve Erkuş ve Yakupoğlu (2001) tarafından geliştirilen Spor Ortamında Empati SEM (Empathy Scale in The Sports Sıtuatıons ESSS) Ölçeği uygulanmıştır. Verilerin analizinde kişisel bilgiler için betimsel istatistik yöntemlerinden frekans (n), yüzde (%), aritmetik ortalama ( ) ve standart sapma (Ss) kullanılmıştır. Farklığı tespit etmek amacıyla; cinsiyet, spor türü ve spor deneyimi değişkenlerinde normal dağılım ve homojenlik koşulları yerine gelmediği için Non-Parametrik testlerden Mann-Whitney U, Kruskal Wallis testi ve çoklu regresyon analizi uygulanmıştır. Sonuç olarak duygusal empati ve toplam empati (SEM) puanı, kadın sporcularda daha yüksek bulunmuştur. Hentbolcuların duygusal empatileri basketbol ve futbolculara göre daha yüksektir. Spor deneyimi 1-9 yıl olan sporcuların karar vermede öz saygıları spor deneyimi 10 yıl ve üzeri olan sporculara göre düşük olduğu ve kaçıngan ve panik karar verme stillerini daha çok kullandıkları görülmüştür.

The aim of this study is to examine the empathy and self-esteem in decision-making and decision-making styles of athletes who are playing team sports according to their gender, type of sports they play and sports experience (the years of participation in sports). The sample of the study was composed of a total of 202 the licensed athletes playing in different sports clubs in Izmir, Turkey during 2010-2011 season and they were basketball players (n=53), soccer players (n=76), and handball players (n=73). Their mean age was 22.95±3.45 years and their mean sports experience was 9.57±4.85 years. Melbourne Decision Making Questionnaire I-II which was developed by Mann et al. (1998) and Turkish adaptation of which was performed by Deniz (2004), and Empathy Scale in the Sports Situations (ESSS) developed by Erkuş and Yakupoğlu (2001) were employed as measuring devices. Personal data were analyzed by descriptive statistical analysis such as frequency (n), percentage (%), mean ( ) and standard deviation (Sd). Non-Parametric Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal Wallis test and multiple regression analysis were used to determine differences since the data for gender, type of sports and sport experience did not follow a normal distribution and were not homogenous. In conclusion, the emotional empathy scores and total empathy scores of female players were higher than male players. Handball players had higher emotional empathy than soccer and basketball players. Athletes who had sports experience between 1-9 years had lower self- esteem in decision-making compared to the players who had more than 10 years of sports experience and used the buck-passing decision-making and hyper vigilance decision-making styles more often.

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