GELİŞMEKTE OLAN ÜLKELERDE SUÇ: SUÇ ORANLARININ ARTIŞI ÜZERİNE SOSYOLOJİK BİR ÇÖZÜMLEME

Günümüzde gelişmiş ülkelere nispeten gelişmekte olan ülkelerde suç oranları giderek artmaktadır. Bu çalışma gelişmekte olan ülkelerdeki suç oranlarının artışlarının nedenlerini saptamayı amaçlamaktadır. Makalede, gelişmekte olan ülkelerdeki suç artışları söz konusu toplumların modernleşme süreçleri ve dinamikleri ile açıklanmaya çalışılmaktadır. Bu çerçevede çalışmada, gelişmekte olan ülkelerde suç oranlarının niçin arttığı, bu artışlarda modernleşmeye ilişkin hangi sosyolojik dinamiklerin etkili olduğu gibi sorulara yanıt aranacaktır. Gelişmekte olan ülkelerde artan suçluluğun nedenleri arasında özellikle; aile kurumunda meydana gelen değişmeler, giderek artan bireyselcilik, yerleşimsel hareketliliğin yol açtığı sosyal organizasyonsuzluk, sosyal sermayenin ve enformel denetimin zayıflaması, ekonomik gelişmeler ve bu alandaki gelişmelerin yarattığı sorunlar (işsizlik, yoksulluk, göreli yoksulluk) gibi faktörlerin öne çıktığı görülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Gelişmekte olan ülkelerde suç, suç oranlarındaki artışların nedenleri, modernleşme

GELİŞMEKTE OLAN ÜLKELERDE SUÇ: SUÇ ORANLARININ ARTIŞI ÜZERİNE SOSYOLOJİK BİR ÇÖZÜMLEME

Keywords:

-,

PDF

___

Aki R. ve Garry, L. (2004). Explaining Japan’s postwar violent crime trends. Criminology. 42(1),179-210.
Backman, J. (1998). The inflation of crime in Russia: the social danger of the emerging markets. Helsinki: National Research Institute of Legal Policy.
Barak, G. (1998). Integrating criminologies. Boston: Allyn and Bacon
Barak, G.(Ed.) (2000). Crime and crime control: A global view. Westport: Greenwood.
Barlow, H.D. (1993). Introduction to criminology. New York: Harper Collins College Publishers.
Beirne, P. and Messerschmidt, J.W. (1991). Criminology. Fort Worth: Harcourt Brace College Pub.
Bohm, R.M. (1982). Radical criminology: An explication. Criminology. 19(4),565-589.
Bohm, R.M. (1997). A primer on crime and delinquency. Belmont: Wadsworth Pub.
Braithwaite, J. (1989). Crime, shame and reintegration. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Cebulak, W. (1996). Rising crime rates amidst transformations in Eastern Europe: Socio-political transition and societal response. International Journal of Comparative and Applied Criminal Justice. 20(1),77-82.
Clinard, M.B. and Abbott, D.J. (1973). Crime in developing countries: A comparative perspective. New York: John Wiley
Diamond, L. (1999). Developing democracy: Toward consolidation. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
Dolu, O.(2010). Suç teorileri: Teori araştırma ve uygulamada kriminoloji. Ankara: Seçkin Yay.
Durkheim, E. (1947). The division of labor in society. (George Simpson, Çev.). New York: Free Press.
Ellis, L. and Walsh, A. (2000). Criminology: A global perspective. Boston: Allyn and Bacon
Fajnzylber, P., Lederman, D. ve Loayza, N. (1998). Determinants of crime rates in Latin America and the world: An empirical assessment. Washington: World Bank.
Felson, M. and Clarke, R.V. (1998). Opportunity makes the thief. Police Research Series, Paper 98. Policing and Reducing Crime Unit, Research, Development and Statistics Directorate. London: Home Office. http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20110218135832/http://rds.ho meoffice.gov.uk/rds/prgpdfs/fprs98.pdf
Finch, A. (2001). Homicide in contemporary Japan. British Journal of Criminology. 41(2), 219-235.
Findlay, M. (1999). The globalization of crime: Understanding transitional relationships in context. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Friday, P.C. (1998). Crime and crime prevention in China. Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice. 14(3),296-314.
Fukayama, F. (1999). Büyük bozulma: İnsanın doğası ve toplumsal düzenin yeniden oluşması. (Zeynep Avcı, Aslı T. Aydemir Çev.). İstanbul: Sabah Kitapları Yay.
Galca, S., Karpati, A. and Kennedy, B. (2002). Social capital and violence in the United States, 1974-1993. Social Science and Medicine. 55(8), 1373- 1383.
Haddad, G.K. and Moghadam, H.M.(2011). The socioeconomic and demographic determinants of crime in Iran (a regional panel study). European Journal of Law and Economics. 32(1), 99-114.
Heialand, H.G. and Sheley, L. (1991). Crime and control in comparative perspectives (Ed. Hans-Günther Heiland, Louise I. Shelly ve Hisao Katoh). Berlin: De Greytur.
Hirschi, T.(1969). Causes of delinquency. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Hraba, J., Bao, W.N., Lorenz, F.O. and Pechacova, Z. (1998). Perceived risk of crime in the Czech Republic. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency. 35(2), 225-242.
Karstedt, S. (2003). Legacies of a culture of inequality: The Janus-face of crime in post-communist societies. Crime, Law and Social Change. 40, 295-320.
Kawachi, I., Kennedy, B.P. and Wilkinson, R. G. (1999). Crime: Social disorganization and relative deprivation. Social Science and Medicine. 48(6), 719-731.
Kızmaz, Z. (2005). Göç ve yoksulluğun patolojisi: Siyasal şiddetten sosyal şiddete. Sosyoloji Araştırmalar Dergisi. 8(1), 85-114.
Komiya, N. (1999). A cultural study of the low crime rate in Japan. British Journal of Criminology. 39(3), 369-390.
Lafree,G.D. and Tseloni, A.(2006). Democracy and crime: A multilevel analysis of homicide trends in forty-four countries 1950-2000. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science. 605, 25-49.
Liu, J. (2005). Crime patterns during the market transition in China. British Journal of Criminology. 45(5), 613-633.
Liu, J. (2006). Modernization and crime patterns in China. Journal of Criminal Justice. 34(2), 119-130.
Liu, J. and Messner, S.F. (2001). Modernization and crime trends in China’s reform era (J. Liu, L. Zhang ve S.F. Messner, Ed.) Crime and social control in a changing China içinde. London: Greenwood Press. 3-22.
Lu, H. and Terance, M.D. (2001). Community integration and the effectiveness of social control. (J. Liu, L. Zhang ve S.F. Messner, Ed.) Crime and social control in a changing China içinde. London: Greenwood Press. 105-121.
Mendez, J., O’Donnell, G., and Pinheiro, R.(1999). The (Un)Rule of Law and the Underprivileged in Latin America. South Bend: University of Notre Dame Press.
Messner, S.F. and Rosenfeld, R. (1997). Political restraint of the market and levels of criminal homicide: A cross-national application of institutional- anomie theory. Social Forces. 75(4), 1393-1416.
Neuman, W.L. and Berger, R.J. (1988). Competing perspectives on cross- national crime: An evaluation of theory and evidence. The Sociological Quarterly. 29(2), 281-313.
Sampson, R.J., Raudenbush, S.W. and Earls, F.(1997). Neighborhoods and violent crime: A multilevel study of collective efficacy. Science. 277(5328), 918-924.
Seydlitz, R. and Jenkins, P.(1998). The influence of families, friends, schools, and community on delinquent behavior. (Gullotta, T.P., Adams, G.R. ve Montemayor, R. Ed.) Delinquent violent youth: Theory and interventions içinde. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications. 53-97.
Shelley, L. (1981). Crime and modernization: The impact of industrialization and urbanization on crime. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press.
Siegel, L.J. (2001). Criminology: Theories, patterns, and typologies. Belmont: Wadsworth Thomson Learning.
Stamatel, J. P., Arato, N. and Dunn, C.S. (1998). The “Americanization” of juvenile delinquency? A comparison of Hungary, Poland and the US. Security Journal. 11,243-253.
Thornton, R.Y. and Endo, K. (1992). Preventing crime in America and Japan. Armonk: M. E. Sharpe Inc.
Tsushima, M. (1996). Economic structure and crime: The case of Japan. The Journal of Socio-Economics. 25(4), 497-515.
Vito, G.F. and Holmes, R.M. (1994). Criminology, theory, research and policy. Belmont: International Thomson Pub.
Williams, F.P. and McShane M.D. (1999). Criminological theory. Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall.
Xiao, J. (1988). Economic development and crime problem. Juvenile Delinquency Studies. 4(15).
Zhang, S.X. (1995). Measuring shaming in an ethnic context. British Journal of Criminology. 35(2), 248-262.
Zhang, L. and Messner, S. (1995). Family deviance and delinquency in China. Criminology. 33(3), 359-387.