İKTİSAT VE MEDENİYET

Dünya ekonomisinin küreselleşmesi hükümetleri oldukça güçsüzleştirmekte ve farklı kültürleri homojenleşmeyle tehdit etmektedir. Huntington’ın -şu an dünya rakip medeniyetlere ayrılmıştır ve bunlar muhtemelen bir sonraki dünya çatışmalarının kaynağı olacaktır- tezi bunun ışığında zayıf görülebilir. Gerçekten de birçok insan, ekonomik etkinliğin tek bir kültür üretmesi ve bu kültüre çok az de-rece sınırlanmış şiddetle rekabet eden şirketlerin hâkim olması sebebiyle bizzat medeniyeti tehdit edeceğinden korkmaktadır. Hatta R.G. Collingwood pratik bir bilim olarak iktisadın, sırf varlığı ile medeniyeti tehdit ettiğini iddia etmektedir. Bu makale, eğer Collingwood’un refah (wealth) ile servet (riches) arasındaki ayırımı ciddiye alınırsa ve bir dayanışmacı ekonominin boy atmasına izin verilirse, medeniyetin hali hazırda var olmaya devam edebileceğini iddia etmektedir. Bu anlamda refah beşerî imkânları özgür bırakan toplumsal bir kaynak; servet(ler) ise kişisel engellerdir ve gücün bir kaynağıdır; ve buradan biz gereksiz servet yaratmaksızın refahı nasıl maksimize edebileceğimizi anlayabiliriz. Bu anlamda Batı, İslam ve örneklenen Çin medeniyetlerinden oluşan üç rakip medeniyet, örneğin Tayvan’da pekâlâ varlığını sürdürebilir ve ayrı kalabilirler. Bunlar temel insani tercihleri temsil etmektedirler. Çünkü insan, belli başlı vurgunun bireylere, toplumlara, topyekûn bir topluluğa ve aile, kilise ve sivil toplumu ihtiva eden kurumlara odaklandığı toplumlara sahip olabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Refah, İslam, Çin, İşbirliği, Ekonomik sistemler

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