HIRİSTİYANLAŞTIRMADAN MEDENİLEŞTİRMEYE BATILI KOZMOPOLİTANİZMİN DÖNÜŞÜMÜ

Makalenin konusu, Batı’da sekülerleşme sürecinde din-içi ve din-dışı kimliklere bağlı olarak kozmopolitanizmin nasıl dönüştüğüdür. Batı’da Rönesans ile başlayan sekülerleşme sürecinde Hıristiyanlığın sürüncemeli krizinden dolayı kimliğin kaynağı olarak din, medeniyete dönüştü. Kimlik kaynağı öğreti olarak dinin medeniyete dönüştürülmesi sürecine paralel olarak ötekileştirme sayesinde özdeşleştirme için medeniyet de ayırıma tabi tutuldu; medeniyetsel ötekileştirmenin disiplini olarak oryantalizm sayesinde geleneksel “hak/batıl din” ayırımı, “Batı/Doğu medeniyetleri” ayırımına çevrildi. Bu süreçte geleneksel Hıristiyanlık-içi ötekileştirme de karmaşık bir dönüşümden geçti. Sekülerleşme sürecinde Katoliklik ile Protestanlık arasındaki geleneksel fırka bölünmesinin medeniyet/kültür bölünmesine dönüşümü, kozmopolise yönelik Avrupalı ötekileştirme ve aynılaştırma tarzlarını kritik olarak etkiledi. Fransız Devrimi’nden sonra ise sekülerleşmiş Batılı kozmopolitanizmin öncüsü Napoléon, kozmopolis yolunda geleneksel Hıristiyanlaştırma misyonu yerine medenileştirme misyonunu benimsedi. Bu süreç, şehir (din vasıtasıyla barışın hakim olduğu topraklar > medenileşme (civilization) >oryantalizm (orientalism)> medenileştirme (civilizing) kavramlarıyla özetlenebilirdi.

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