POPÜLİST LİDERLERİNİN BAŞARISINA MEDYA SİSTEMLERİ PERSPEKTİFİNDEN BİR BAKIŞ: BİRLEŞİK KRALLIK, HOLLANDA VE TÜRKİYE KARŞILAŞTIRMASI

Popülist söylemlerin yaygınlaşmasında ve popülist hareketlerin başarısında medyanın önemli bir rolü olduğu göz ardı edilemez. Farklı bağlamlarda medyanın etkin kullanımı popülist aktörler için değişiklik gösterir. Bununla beraber, retorik ve eylemleri ile medyayı etkileyebildikleri gibi kimi zaman medyada çok fazla görünür olamayabilirler de. Bu noktada, makalemizin amacı popülist aktörlerin medyada neden/nasıl görünür oldukları (veya olamadıkları) ve medyayı nasıl kullandıklarını açıklamaktır. Hallin ve Mancini (2004) karşılaştırmalı bir şekilde medya sistemlerinden bahsederek, üç farklı modelde ülkeler arasındaki değişiklikleri anlatmaktadır. Liberal, demokratik korporatist ve kutuplaşmış çoğulcu modeller dört farklı boyutta birbirinden ayrılır: gazete endüstrisi, siyasal paralellik, profesyonellik ve devletin rolü. Bu makale de popülist aktörlerin medya kullanımlarını ve görünürlüklerini dört farklı boyutu göz önüne alarak medya sistemleri ile ilişkili olduğunu savunmaktadır. Bu doğrultuda üç farklı modeli açıklamak için Birleşik Krallık, Hollanda ve Türkiye incelenmektedir.

LOOKING TO THE SUCCESS OF POPULIST LEADERS FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF THE MEDIA SYSTEMS: A COMPARISON ON THE UNITED KINGDOM, THE NETHERLANDS AND TURKEY

The role of media is not ignorable in relation to the expansion of populist discourse and achievement of populist movements. In different contexts, the active usage of media indicates differences for populist actors. Furthermore, the leaders can influence the media through their populist rhetoric and behaviours; on the one hand, they may not be visible as well. At this point, our article seeks to explain how and why populist actors become visible (or not) and use media efficiently. Hallin and Mancini (2004) has a comparative perspective on the media systems, clarifying differences among countries over three different models. Liberal, democratic corporatist and polarized pluralist models are distinguished with four dimensions, such as: media industry, political paralellism, professionalization, and the role of the state. This article argues that the media usage of populist leaders and their visibility are associated with the media systems, regarding to those mentioned four dimensions. Thus, three models are explained through the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, and Turkey

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