Kamusal Mekan Tasarımında Bir Yöntem Olarak Dürtü Teorisi: Pandemi Koşullarına Yönelik Mekansal Çözümler

Covid-19 pandemi süreci uygulanan zorunlu izolasyonlar nedeni ile gündelik yaşantı askıya alınmış; dolayısıyla kamusal mekan ile ilişki, mekana dair algı ve sonuç olarak mekan içindeki davranış biçimleri bu süreçte etkilenmiştir. Bu bağlamda kamusal mekanın sağlık açısından daha nitelikli olarak ele alınması ve toplumun da bu açıdan yönlendirilmesi gerekliliği ortaya çıkmıştır. Özellikle çevresel etkiler ile davranış biçimlerini pozitif olarak etkilemeyi, bunu “dürtüler” aracılığı ile seçme özgürlüğü sunarak ve bir şeyi dikte etmenin önüne geçerek sağlamayı amaçlayan “seçim mimarisi”nin farklı disiplinlerdeki uygulama örnekleri günümüzde yeni tartışma konularından biridir. Bu çalışma sağlıklı kentlerin tasarımında kullanıcının katılımını sağlamak adına “seçim mimarisi” ve “dürtü”nün kentsel tasarım ve mimarlık alanındaki uygulamalarda bir yöntem olarak kullanılması potansiyelini irdelemektedir. Bu kapsamda konuya ilişkin literatür araştırması yapılmış ve seçilen örnekler analiz edilerek somut tasarım çözümleri incelenmiştir. Sonuç olarak mekansal dürtmenin uyarma, hatırlatma, sosyal yaşantıdaki normlara dikkat çekerek teşvik etme, kamusal yaşamda daha pozitif alışkanlıklar kazandırarak davranışı etkileyebilme gücünün salgın sürecinde ve sonrasında sağlıklı yaşam çevreleri oluşturma adına önemli bir potansiyel taşıdığı değerlendirilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Covid-19 pandemisi, Kamusal mekan algısı, Seçim mimarisi, Dürtü teorisi

Nudge Theory as a Method in Public Space Design: Examples of Pandemic Architecture

Everyday life has been suspended due to the mandatory isolation during the Covid-19 pandemic process; therefore, the relationship with the public space, the perception of the space and as a result, the behavior patterns in the space were affected in this process.. In this context, it has emerged that the public space should be considered more qualified in terms of health and the society should be directed in this respect. Application examples of "choice architecture" in different disciplines, which aims to positively affect environmental effects and behavior patterns, offering freedom of choice through "nudges" and avoiding dictating something, is one of the new topics of discussion today. This study examines the potential of using "choice architecture" and "nudge" as a method in urban design and architectural practices to ensure user participation in the design of healthy cities. In this context, a literature research on this subject is conducted and various design solutions are examined by analyzing the selected examples. As a result, it has been evaluated that the power of spatial nudging to stimulate, remind, encourage by drawing attention to the norms in social life, and influence behavior by gaining more positive habits in public life, has an important potential for creating healthy living environments during and after the epidemic.

Keywords:

Covid-19 pandemic, Perception of public space, Choice architecture, Nudge theory,

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