Salihli (Manisa) Yöresindeki Şeftali (Prunus persica L.) Bahçelerinin Beslenme ve Kirlilik Durumları

Bu çalışmanın amacı Manisa Salihli ilçesinde yetiştiriciliği yapılan şeftali bahçelerinin beslenme durumları ve kirlenme düzeyleri belirlemektir. Bu kapsamda yaş ve çeşit olarak benzer olan ve yörede seçilen 10 bahçeden toprak ve yaprak örnekleri alınmış ve gerekli analizleri yapılmıştır. Analiz sonuçlarına göre bahçelerin toprak reaksiyonu nötr, tuzsuz, kireç ve organik madde içeriği az ve genelde kumlu tın bünyede bulunmuştur. Toplam azot (N) genelde yetersiz, fosfor (P) genelde 0-30 cm’de birikim göstermiş ve 30–60 cm’de ise yetersiz konumdadır. Potasyum bakımından (4 bahçenin yüzey toprak katmanı hariç) bahçeler fakir konumdadır. Topraklar mikro besin elementleri bakımından ise Fe, Cu ve Mn bakımından sorunsuz iken Zn sınır değere yakın veya genelde daha düşük olmuştur. Yaprak örneklerinde toplam N normal düzeylerde, P orta ve K ise yetersiz düzeylerdedir. Yaprakların Fe içerikleri bir bahçe hariç beş bahçede fakir diğerlerinde orta düzeylerde, Cu bakımından sorunsuz; ancak Zn bakımından üç bahçe çok yetersiz, Mn bakımından ise dört bahçe yetersiz durumdadır. Topraklarda ağır metal kirlenmesi saptanmamıştır. Yaprak örneklerinde ise Pb ve Cr bakımından bahçelerin %70’i kirli, Co yönü ile bütün bahçeler, Ni bakımından ise bahçelerin %80’i kirlenmiş durumdadır. Tüm bahçelerin Cd içeriği bakımından sorunsuz olduğu belirlenmiştir.

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The objective of this study was to determine the status of nutrition and pollution of peach orchards in Salihli (Manisa-Turkey). For this purpose, leaf and soil samples from the selected ten orchards which were the similar respect of age and variety were taken and some analyses were made. Soil reaction of the orchard soils was neutral and the content of total salt was low. The orchard soils with the light texture were poor in lime and organic matter. The total N content of the soils was insufficient in general. The P in the soils concentrated at the top soil layers (0-30 cm) but decreased at the sub soil layers (30-60 cm). The content of K of the soils was insufficient except for surface soils of four orchards. According to microelements, the content of Fe,Cu and Mn of the soils was sufficient while Zn element was on border or low of optimum level. Total N content of peach leaves was normal level; the contents of P and K were insufficient. Iron content of leaves was insufficient in five orchards except for one orchard and moderate levels in the other orchards. Copper content of leaves was sufficient but the contents of Zn and Mn were insufficient in three and four orchards, respectively. Heavy metal pollution in orchard soils was not determined .But the important part of the leaf polluted by Pb and Cr (70%), Ni (80%) and Co (100%). Cd content of the leaves was determined as low

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