Yusuf ÇAKIR, Duygu Nur ÇOBANOĞLU, Gökhan DERVİŞOĞLU, Serhat KOÇYİĞİT, Davut KARAHAN, Sedat YELKOVAN

Determination Antimicrobial Activity, Palynological Characteristics and Chemical Composition of Some Honey Samples from Turkey

Honey has been used in traditional medicine since ancient times. Many parameters such as botanical, geological, climatic features constitute the characteristic features of honey. For this reason, it is important to reveal the chemical, palynological and antibacterial properties of honey in regional studies with honey. In this study, antimicrobial, palynological and chemical properties of some honey samples produced in Turkey were determined. The effects of honeys of Rize (Anzer), Gümüşhane and Sivas (Zara) provinces on some pathogens were investigated via antimicrobial test. According to this test, all of the honey samples was effective on S. aureus and S. cerevisae, only honey from Anzer region was effective on E. coli, and none of the honey samples showed activity on L. monocytogenes and C. Albicans. In the palynological analysis, 36 pollen taxa were determined. Chemical compositions of honey samples were determined by GC-MS analysis. GC-MS results showed all of the honey samples had antibacterial and antioxidant properties and this was proved in the antimicrobial test. The structure types of honey samples were determined by FTIR analysis and chemical bond types in FTIR correlated with the chemical compositions of GC-MS results.

Keywords:

Palynological characteristics, chemical composition, antimicrobial activity, honey,

PDF

___

[1] Joint FAO/WHO Food Standard Programme Codex Alimentarius Commission Twenty-Fourth Session Geneva, 2-7 July 2001. Available from: http://www.fao.org/input/download/report/277/Al01_25e.pdf (05.06.2020).
[2] THRASYVOULOU, A; TANANAKI, C.; GORAS, G; KARAZAFIRIS, E; DIMOU, M; LIOLIOS, V; GOUNARI, S (2014) Legislation of Honey Criteria and Standards. Journal of Apicultural Research, 57(1), 88-96.
[3] ANAND, S; DEIGHTON, M; LIVANOS, G; MORRISON, PD; PANG, ECK; MANTRI, N (2019) Antimicrobial Activity of Agastache Honey and Characterization of Its Bioactive Compounds In Comparison With Important Commercial Honeys. Front. Microbiol. 10:263. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00263.
[4] ALMASAUDI, S B; AL-NAHARI, A A; EL SAYED, M; BARBOUR, E; AL MUHAYAWI, S. M; AL-JAOUNI, S; ... & HARAKEH, S (2017) ANTIMICROBIAL EFFECT OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF HONEY ON STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS. Saudi journal of biological sciences, 24(6), 1255-1261.
[5] KWAKMAN, P H; TE VELDE, A A; DE BOER, L; SPEIJER, D; VANDENBROUCKE-GRAULS, C M; ZAAT, S A (2010) How Honey Kills Bacteria. The FASEB Journal, 24(7), 2576-2582.
[6] WAHDAN, H A L (1998) Causes of the Antimicrobial Activity of Honey. Infection, 26(1), 26-31.
[7] ABD-EL AAL, A; EL-HADIDY, M; EL-MASHAD, N; EL-SEBAIE, A (2007) Antimicrobial Effect of Bee Honey In Comparison To Antibiotics on Organisms Isolated From Infected Burns. Ann. Burns Fire Disasters 20, 83.
[8] EFEM, S E E (1988) Clinical Observations on the Wound Healing Properties of Honey. British journal of Surgery, 75(7), 679-681.
[9] WANG, R; STARKEY, M; HAZAN, R; RAHME, L G (2012) Honey’s Ability To Counter Bacterial Infections Arises From Both Bactericidal Compounds and QS Inhibition. Front. Microbiol. 3:144. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.20 12.00144.
[10] AL SOMAL, N; COLEY, K; MOLAN, P; HANCOCK, B (1994) Susceptibility of Helicobacter Pylori to the Antibacterial Activity of Manuka Honey. J. R. Soc. Med. 87, 9–12.
[11] KWAKMAN, P H S; VAN DEN AKKER, J P C; GÛÇLÛ, A; ASLAMI, H; BINNEKADE, J M; DE BOER, L; BOSZHARD, L; PAULUS, F; MIDDELHOEK, P; TE VELDE, A A; VANDEBROUCKE-GRAULS, C M J E; SCHULTZ, M. J; ZAAT, S A J (2008) Medical-Grade Honey Kills Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria In Vitro and Eradicates Skin Colonization. Clin. Infect. Dis. 46, 1677–1682.
[12] MOLAN, P C (1992) The Antibacterial Activity of Honey. 1. The nature of the antibacterial activity. Bee World 73: 5-28.
[13] CENET, M (2019) Pollen Analyses and Antimicrobial Properties of the Natural Honey from the East Mediterranean Part of Anatolia. Pakistan J. Zool., vol. 51(2), pp 541-548.
[14] ÇENET, M; TOROĞLU, S; KESKIN, D; BOZOK, F (2015) Pollen Analysis and Antimicrobial Properties of Honey Samples Sold in Western Turkey. Pakistan J. Zool., vol. 47(1), pp. 269-273.
[15] VON DER OHE, W; PERSANO ODDO, L; MORLOT, P. M. (2004). Harmonized methods of melissopalynology. Apidologie, 35, 18–25.
[16]RADJI, M; AGUSTAMA, R A; ELYA, B; TJAMPAKASARI, C R (2013). Antimicrobial Activity of Green Tea Extract Against Isolates of Methicillin–Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus and Multi–Drug Resistant Pseudomonas Aeruginosa. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, 3, 663-667.
[17] SORKUN, K (2008) Türkiye’nin Nektarlı Bitkileri ve Polenleri. Ankara: Palme Yayıncılık.
[18] LOUVEAUX, J; MAURIZIO, A; VORWOHL, G (1978) Methods of Melissopalynology. Bee world, 59: 139-157. doi: 10.10 80/0005772X.1978.11097714.
[19] BARTH, O.M. (1989). O pólen do mel brasileiro. Rio de Janeiro: Luxor, 226 p.
[20] FARHA, AK; HATHA, AM (2019) Bioprospecting Potential and Secondary Metabolite Profile of A Novel Sediment-Derived Fungus Penicillium Sp. Arcspf From Continental Slope of Eastern Arabian Sea. Mycology. Jun;10(2):109-117. DOI: 10.1080/21501203.2019.1572034.
[21] DEVI, JAI; MUTHU, AK (2014) Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Bioactive Constituents in the Ethanolic Extract of Saccharum Spontaneum Linn. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci. 6:755–759.
[22] MANDAL, SM; DIAS, RO; FRANCO, OL (2017) Phenolic Compounds in Antimicrobial Therapy. J. Med Food. 2017;20 (10):1031‐1038. doi:10.1089/jmf.2017.0017
[23] OUERGHEMMI, I; REBEY, I. B; RAHALI, F. Z; BOURGOU, S; PISTELLI, L; KSOURI, R; TOUNSI, M S (2017) Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Phenolic Compounds From Extracts of Cultivated and Wild-Grown Tunisian Ruta Chalepensis. Journal of food and drug analysis, 25(2), 350-359.
[24] LUCCHINI, J J; CORRE, J; CREMIEUX, A (1990) Antibacterial Activity of Phenolic Compounds and Aromatic Alcohols. Research in Microbiology, 141(4), 499-510.
[25] MEA, PINTO; SG, ARAÚJO; MI, MORAIS; NP, SÁ; CM, LIMA; CA, ROSA; E P, SIQUEIRA; LARS, LIMA (2017) Antifungal and Antioxidant Activity of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters From Vegetable Oils. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências 89(3): 1671-1681.
[26] ANDRUS, M B; MENDENHALL, K G; MEREDITH, E L; SEKHAR, B S (2002) Glycolate Aldol Reactions With Boron Enolates of Bis-4-Methoxyphenyl Dioxanone. Tetrahedron letters, 43(10), 1789-1792.
[27] KUPTSOV, A H; ZHIZHIN, G N (1998) Handbook of Fourier Transform Raman and Infrared Spectra of Polymers. Volume 45 1st Edition Elsevier Science.
[28] EL‐SAKHAWY, M; MILICHOVSKY, M (2000) Oxycellulose Modification. Polymer international, 49(8), 839-844.
[29] AKSOY, Z; DIĞRAK M (2006) Bingöl Yöresinde Toplanan Bal Ve Propolisin Antimikrobiyal Etkisi Üzerinde In Vitro Araştırmalar. Science and Eng. J of Fırat Univ. 18 (4), 471-478.
[30] ALAN, Y; ATALAN, E; ERBIL, N; BAKIR, O; ORMAN, Z; KANIK, PELDA (2014) Antimicrobial Activity of Honey and Propolis Collected In Muş and Bitlis Region. Muş Alparslan University Journal of Science, 2 (1), 221-229.
[31] SILICI, S; SAGDIC, O; EKICI, L. (2010) Total Phenolic Content, Antiradical, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Rhododendron Honeys. Food Chemistry, 121, 238-243.
[32] MERCAN, N; GUVENSEN, A; CELIK, A; KATIRCIOGLU, H (2006) Antimicrobial Activity and Pollen Composition of Honey Samples Collected From Different Provinces In Turkey. Natural Product Research, 21:3, 187-195.
[33] EKICI, L; SAGDIC, O; SILICI, S; OZTURK, I (2014) Determination of Phenolic Content, Antiradical, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Turkish Pine Honey. Quality Assurance and Safety of Crops & Foods, 6 (4): 439-444.
[34] SHEIKH, D; ZAMAN, S U; NAQVI, S B; SHEIKH, M R; ALI, G (1995) Studies on Microbial Activity of Honey. Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Science, 8(1), 51-62.
[35] MERCÊS, M D; PERALTA, E D; UETANABARO, A P T; LUCCHESE, A M (2013) Antimicrobial Activity of Honey From Five Species of Brazilian Stingless Bees. Ciência Rural, Santa Maria, 43 (4), 672-675.
[36] SAGDIC, O; SILICI, S; EKICI, L (2013) Evaluation of the Phenolic Content, Antiradical, Antioxidant, and Antimicrobial Activity of Different Floral Sources of Honey. International Journal of Food Properties, 16, 658-666.
[37] MORAES, FJ; GARCİA, RC; GALHARDO, D; CAMARGO, SC; PİRES, BG; PEREİRA, DJ; SOUSA, PHAA (2019) Pollen Analysis Of Honey Samples Produced In the Counties of Santa Helena and Terra Roxa, Western Region of Paraná, Southern Brazil. Sociobiology 66(2): 327-338
[38] ŞIK, L; GÜVENSEN, A; DURMUŞKAHYA, C; EROL, O (2017) Pollen Analysis of Honeys from Ardahan/Turkey. Biological Diversity and Conservation – 10 / 2 (2017).
[39] TÜMERDEM, Ç; PEHLİVAN, S; DOĞAN, C (2016) Pollen Analysis of Honeys from Beypazarı District of Ankara Province (Turkey), Mellifera; 16(1):19–26.
[40] CENET, M (2019) Pollen Analyses and Antimicrobial Properties of the Natural Honey from the East Mediterranean Part of Anatolia Pakistan J. Zool., vol. 51(2), pp 541-548.
[41] ÖZLER, H (2018) Pollen Analysıs of the Honey from South Anatolıa. Uludağ Arıcılık Dergisi – Uludag Bee Journal, 18 (2): 73-86.
[42] TÜRKER, M (1993) Gümüşhane Ballarında Polen Analizi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi Yüzüncü . Yıl Üni..Fen Bilimler Enstitüsü. Biyoloji A.B.D. 35 sayfa.
[43] SORKUN, K; DOĞAN, C (1995) Pollen Analysis Rize –Anzer Turkish Honey, Apiacta, 3, 75-81.
[44] MERCAN, N; GUVENSEN, A; CELIK, A; KATIRCIOGLU, H (2007) Antimicrobial Activity And Pollen Composition Of Honey Samples Collected From Different Provinces In Turkey. Nat Prod Res. 21:187–195.