ÇOCUKLAR İÇİN AÇIK ALANDA OYUNA YÖNELİK TUTUM ÖLÇEĞİ: UYARLANMASI VE PSİKOMETRİK ÖZELLİKLERİ

Bu araştırmanın amacı, çocukların açık alanda oyun oynamaya yönelik tutumlarının belirlemek için geliştirilen açık alanda oyun tutum (AAOT) ölçeğini Türkçe’ye uyarlamak ve psikometrik özelliklerini incelemektir. AAOT özgün ölçeği, 9-13 yaş çocukların açık alanda oynamaya yönelik tutumlarının değerlendirildiği 12 madde ve iki alt ölçekten oluşan 4’lü Likert tipinde bir araçtır. Aracın Türk kültürüne uygunluğu ve dilsel eşdeğerliği değerlendirildikten sonra 9–13 yaş arası 521 öğrenciye uygulama yapılmıştır. Doğrulayıcı faktör analizi sonuçları iki faktörlü yapının Türkiye örneklemine uygun olmadığını göstermiştir. Bu aşamada, hedef kültürde faktör yapısının açımlaycı faktör analiziyle incelenmesine karar verilmiştir. Türkiye örnekleminde 12 maddelik AAOT ölçeği, toplam varyansın %54.46’sını açıklayan üç faktörlü bir yapı göstermiştir. Bu üç faktörlü modelin gerçek verilere uyumu DFA ile değerlendirildiğinde, model uyumunun iyi düzeyde olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır. Açık alanda oyunun faydalarına ilişkin alt ölçek dört maddeden (α=.70), açık alanda yapılandırılmamış oyuna ilişkin alt ölçek üç maddeden (α=.67) ve açık alanda oyun oynamaya yönelik korkular alt ölçeği beş maddeden (α=.81) oluşmaktadır. Çalışmanın ikinci aşaması farklı bir örneklem grubunda yürütülmüştür. Bulgular, cinsiyete göre tam ölçüm değişmezliğinin sağlandığını ve puanların cinsiyet, yaş, anne baba eğitim düzeyi ve okul öncesi eğitim alma durumuna göre farklılık göstermediğini ortaya koymuştur. Sonuç olarak, AAOT ölçeğinin Türkiye örnekleminde kullanılabilecek geçerli ve güvenilir bir araç olduğu belirlenmiştir.

THE ATTITUDES TOWARD OUTDOORS PLAY SCALES FOR CHILDREN: ADAPTATION AND PSYCHOMETRIC PROPERTIES

The aim of this study was to adapt the Attitudes toward Outdoor Play (ATOP) scale to Turkish and to examine the psychometric properties. The ATOP scale is a 4-point Likert-type tool consisting of 12 items and two subscales in which 9- 13 year-olds' attitudes towards outdoor play are evaluated. After assessing the suitability and linguistic equivalence of the tool to Turkish culture, the scale was applied to 521 students between the ages of 9 and 13 years. The initial CFA results for the two-factor structure yielded insufficient fit statistics. At this stage, instead of making modifications, it was decided to examine the factor structure on the target culture with exploratory factor analysis (EFA). The EFA resulted in 12-item in Turkey sample and three dimensions explaining the 54.46's% of the total variance. The model fit indices of the three-factor structure were at a good level. The subscale of the benefits of the play consists of four items (α=.70), three items (α=.67) related to the unstructured play, and the fears subscale for consisted of five items (α=.81). The second phase of the study was carried out on a different sample group. The full measurement invariance was provided across boys and girls. In addition, it was found out that attitude scores did not differ according to sex, age, parental education level and pre-school education. As a result, it was determined that the ATOP scale is a valid and reliable tool that can be used in Turkish context.

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