Tuz ve kuraklık stresinin susamda (Sesamum indicum L.) çimlenme ve fide gelişim karakterleri üzerine etkisi

Yürütülen bu çalışmada susam genotiplerinin tuzluluk ve kuraklığa karşı potansiyel toleransları değerlendirilmiştir. Üç tescilli çeşidin (Gölmarmara, Muganlı-57 ve Uzun) genetik materyal olarak kullanıldığı çalışmada çimlenme ve fide gelişim karakterleri üzerindeki tuzluluk etkisini belirleyebilmek amacıyla tohumlar yedi farklı NaCl (0, 25, 50, 75, 100, 150 and 200 mM) konsantrasyonuna maruz bırakılmıştır. Kuraklık stresi yaratmak amacıyla ise PEG solüsyonu kullanılmış olup beş farklı (-2, -4, -6, -8 and -10 MPa) kuraklık seviyesi altında tohumlar çimlendirilmiştir. Stres faktörlerinin etkileri ise çimlenme oranı, kök ve kökçük uzunluğu, taze ve kuru kök ve kökçük ağırlığı karakterleri kullanılarak belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. -8 and -10 MPa PEG solüsyonunda bulunan tohumların ise çimlenmediği ortaya konmuştur. Özellikle PEG solüsyon değerinin artması kök uzunluğu üzerinde önemli derece negatif etki yaparken en düşük değer -6 MPa’da gözlenmiştir. NaCl stresi altında da hem çimlenme oranı hem de fide gelişim karakterlerinin önemli derecede negatif etkilendiği çalışmada ortaya konmuştur. Çimlenme oranı, taze kök ağırlığı ve kuru kökçük ağırlıklarının düşük seviyedeki tuzluluktan diğer karakterlere göre daha az etkilenmiştir. Ancak 150 mM üzeri NaCl konsantrasyonda tüm karakterlerde yüksek düzeyde negatif etkilenme gözlenmiştir. Tüm sonuçlar dikkate alındığında -6 MPa ve 150 mM üzeri kuraklık ve tuz stresinin çimlenme ve fide gelişim karakterlerini önemli ölçüde negatif etkilediği ortaya konmuş olup bu değerlere sürdürülebilir susam tarımı yapabilmek adına dikkat edilmelidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Cansız stress faktörleri, NaCl, PEG-6000, Yarı-kurak, Tolerans

Influence of salinity and drought stresses on seed germination and seedling growth characteristics in sesame (Sesamum indicum L.)

In the present study, the potential for salt and drought tolerance of sesame genotypes were assessed. Seeds of three registered cultivars (Golmarmara, Muganli-57 and Uzun) were treated to seven levels (0, 25, 50, 75, 100, 150 and 200 mM) of NaCl to determine salinity influence on seeds. The drought condition was provided by Polyethylene glycol (PEG) induced water deficit. Seeds were germinated under stress of aqueous PEG solutions mixed to create water potentials of -2, -4, -6, -8 and -10 MPa. Effects of these abiotic stresses were assessed with the use of germination rate and early seedling growth traits which were root and shoot length, root fresh and dry weight, shoot fresh and dry weight. There is no germination at -8 and -10 MPa PEG applications for all the cultivars. Increasing concentrations of PEG from -2 to -6 MPa drastically reduced root length and the lowest value was recorded at -6 MPa. The cultivar, The treatment of different NaCl levels showed that increasing salt stress significantly decreased germination rate and seedling growth traits. The traits of the germination rate, root fresh weight and shoot dry weight were less affected at lower levels of salinity. However the concentration of >150 mM NaCI drastically reduced all the studied traits. The overall results suggest that germination and seedling growth traits were strongly inhibited by > -6 MPa PEG and 150 mM NaCl levels therefore lower concentrations should take into consideration for sustainable sesame production.

Keywords:

Abiotic stress, NaCl, PEG-6000, Semi-arid, Tolerance,

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