Tetranychus urticae Antalya populasyonunda spinosad’ın etkisi ve abamectin direncinin stabilitesi

Bu çalışmada Antalya’da uzun süre yoğun ilaç kullanılan bir seradan alınan Tetranychus urticae Koch populasyonunda abamectin’e direnç düzeyi ve abamectin direncinin stabilitesi belirlenmiştir. Abamectin’e dirençli populasyonda dicofol ve tetradifon’a çoklu direnç spektrumu ve ayrıca spinosad’ın abamectin’e dirençli T. urticae larvaları üzerindeki etkisi araştırılmıştır. Laboratuvar biyoesseylerinde, abamectin ve dicofol için ergin testi, tetradifon için yumurta testi, spinosad için larva testi düzenlenmiştir. Yaprak daldırma yöntemiyle populasyonların LC değerleri ve duyarlı populasyona göre direnç katları belirlenmiştir. Altınova, Antalya (Türkiye)’dan alınan T. urticae populasyonu abamectin’e 643 kat dirençli bulunmuştur. Abamectin’e dirençli populasyonda dicofol’e 10 kat çoklu direnç görülmüştür. Tetradifon’a ise çoklu direnç görülmemiştir. Yirmi ay (~60 generasyon) kadar ilaç baskısı olmaksızın devam ettirilen Altınova populasyonunda abamectin direnci 643 kattan 11 kata düşmüştür. Spinosad’ın abamectin’e dirençli T. urticae larvalarına karşı önemli düzeyde etkili olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Spinosad, serada önerilen tavsiye dozunda ve bunun 1/10 katında larvalar üzerinde sırasıyla % 100 ve % 72 ölüme yol açmıştır. Arazi populasyonlarında abamectin’e karşı direnç izlenmeye devam edilmelidir. Bir direnç yönetim taktiği olarak direnç sorunu olan lokasyonlarda abamectin kullanımına belirli süre ara verilmelidir. Spinosad’ın abamectin’e dirençli populasyona karşı yüksek düzeyde etkiye sahip olması, abamectin için yürütülen direnç yönetim programlarında bir alternatif olarak göz önüne alınabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Tetranychus urticae, Direnç stabilitesi, Akarisit, Spinosad, Antalya

The stability of abamectin resistance and the efficacy of spinosad in Tetranychus urticae Antalya population

The level and stability of abamectin resistance in a Tetranychus urticae Koch population collected from a greenhouse in Antalya (Turkey) exposed to long term intensive pesticide applications were determined. Multiple-resistance spectrum for dicofol and tetradifon and the efficacy of spinosad to larvae of abamectin-resistant T. urticae were also investigated. Laboratory bioassays were performed for abamectin and dicofol on adults, for tetradifon on eggs, and for spinosad on larvae. LC values and resistance ratios of populations were determined by the leaf-dip method. The resistance ratio to abamectin in T. urticae population collected from Altınova, Antalya (Turkey) was 643 fold. The population expressed a 10 fold multiple-resistance to dicofol but multiple-resistance to tetradifon was not significant. The resistance ratio to abamectin decreased from 643 to 11 fold in the population maintained pesticide-free for 20 months (~60 generations). Spinosad had significantly affected the abamectin-resistant T. urticae larvae with mortalities of 100 and 72 % at recommended dose and 1/10th of it, respectively. Monitoring of resistance level in field populations should be continued. As a resistance management strategy, abamectin applications may be ceased in certain period in locations where abamectin resistance appears as a significant problem. The high efficacy of spinosad on abamectin-resistant T. urticae may be considered as an alternative for resistance management strategies with abamectin.

Keywords:

Tetranychus urticae, Resistance-stability, Acaricide, Spinosad, Antalya,

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