Sulama suyu kalitesinin pamuğun lif özelliklerine etkisi

Farklı su düzeylerinin ve farklı kalitedeki sulama sularının (kanal suyu ECw=0,88 dS m-1 ve tuzlu sulama suyu ECw=6,5 dS m-1) pamuk bitkisinin farklı gelişme dönemlerine (vejetatif dönem VGP, Çiçeklenme ve elma oluşumu, FBF ve elma açımı OB) ve lif kalitesi üzerine etkilerinin belirlenmeye çalışıldığı bu araştırma, 2 yıl süresince tarla koşullarında yürütülmüştür. Araştırmada normal sulama suyunun (ECw=0,88 dS m-1) çırçır randımanı, eğrilebilirlik indeksi, lif inceliği, lif uzunluğu, yabancı madde sayısı, yabancı madde değeri, iplik olabilirlik gücü ve parlaklık özelliklerinin farklı gelişme dönemlerindeki su kısıtlılığından olumsuz şekilde etkilendikleri belirlenmiştir. Tuzlu sulama suyunun kullanılması durumunda su kısıtlılığının farklı gelişme dönemlerinde lif özelliklerine etkisi kesin olarak ortaya konulamamıştır. Ancak su kısıtlılığına rağmen yabancı madde sayısı, lif inceliği, kısa lif indeksi artarken eğrilebilirlik indeksi, lif mukavemeti, lif uzunluğu, lif uniformitesi, lif esnekliği, iplik olabilirliği, parlaklık ve kısa lif indeksi artmıştır. Lif esnekliği tuz stresi nedeniyle lif özellikleri içerisinde en fazla azalan özellik olmuştur (%33). İki yıllık sonuçlar bir arada değerlendirildiğinde ortalama toprak tuzluluğu (ECe) ile lif özellikleri arasında farklı ilişkiler bulunmuştur. En yüksek regrasyon katsayısı ECe ve lif esnekliği arasında gerçekleşmiştir (r= %76,18 p < 0,01). Lif inceliği, lif esnekliği, lif mukavemeti, lif uzunluğu, kısa lif indeksi, sarılık, eğrilebilirlik, yabancı madde, uniformite, beyazlık, iplik olabilirlik, ve çırçır randımanı ile ECe arasında regrasyon katsayısı yüksek (p < 0,01) önemli ilişkiler bulunmuştur. Ayrıca lif özellikleri arasındaki korelasyon katsayıları ikinci yılda düşük, birinci yılda yüksek bulunmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Pamuk, Lif özellikleri, Sulama suyu, Toprak tuzluluğu, Su kalitesi

The effect of irrigation water quality on fiber characteristics of cotton

The effects of fresh water (ECw=0.88 dS m-1), saline water (ECw=6.5 dS m-1) and water deficit on different growth stage on fiber quality of cotton were investigated through a two-year field study. Fourteen different fiber quality characteristics were investigated. When canal water was used, the detrimental effect of water deficit on different growth stages (vegetative period VGP, flowering and boll formation FBF and opening boll OB) were apparent on ginning out turn, short conversion index, micronaire, length, count, trash area, count strength product and reflectance degree. With the use of saline water, no obvious effect of water deficit at different growth periods on fiber quality was observed. However, regardless of water deficit, spinning conversion index, strength, length, uniformity, elongation, count strength product, reflectance degree, and yellowness decreased, while micronaire, trash count, and short fiber index increased. The greatest effect of saline water stress was observed in elongation, which was reduced by about 33%. Two years data were combined and the relationship between mean soil salinity (ECe) and each fiber quality was investigated. The highest regression coefficient (r= 76.18%, p<0.01) was obtained between ECe and elongation. The regression coefficient of micronaire, elongation, strength, length, short fiber index, yellowness, spinning conversion index, count, uniformity, reflectance degree, count strength product and ginning out turn with ECe were significant (p<0.01). In addition, the correlation coefficients between the fiber characteristics were lower in the second year, whereas they were higher in the first year of the study.

Keywords:

Cotton, Fiber characteristics, Irrigation water, Soil salinity, Water quality,

PDF

___

Ashraf M, Ahmad S (2000) Influence of sodium chloride on ion accumulation, yield components and fiber characteristics in salt tolerant and salt sensitive lines of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Field Crops Research 66: 115-127.
Bajwa MS, Choudhary OP, Josan AS (1992) Effect of continuous sodic irrigation on soil properties and crop yields under cotton-wheat rotation. Agricultural Water Management 22:345-356.
Bernstein L (1960) Salt tolerance of field crops. U.S Dept. Agriculture Inform. Bulletin No: 217.
Choudhary OP, Josan, AS, Bajwa, MS, (2001) Yield and fiber quality of cotton cultivars as affected by the build- up of sodium in the soils with sustained sodic irrigations under semi- arid conditions. Agricultural Water Management 49: 1-9.
Davidonis GH, Johnson AS, Landivar JA and Fernandez CJ (2004) Cotton fiber quality is related to boll location and planting date. Agronomy Journal 96: 42-47.
Efe E, Bek Y, Şahin Y (2000) Statistical methods by resolving for SPSS. University of Kahramanmaraş, Published No:10: 214, Turkey.
Guinn G, Mauney JR (1984) Fruiting of cotton. II. Effects of plant moisture status and active boll load on boll retention. Agronomy Journal 76: 90-94.
Hanks RJ, Keller J, Rasmussen VP, Wilson GD (1976) Line source sprinkler for continuous variable irrigation- crop production studies. Soil Science Society of America Journal 40: 426-429.
Johnson RM, Downer RG, Bradow JM, Bauer PJ and Sadler EJ (2002) Variability in cotton fiber yield, fiber quality, and soil properties in a Southeastern Coastal Plain. Agronomy Journal 94: 1305-1316.
Maas EV (1986) Salt tolerance of plants. Applied Agricultural Research 1: 12-26
Meredith WR Jr (1984) Quantitative genetics. In: Kohel RJ and CF Lewis (Eds.), Cotton Agronomy. Madison, pp. 131–50.
Mc Williams D (2004) Drought strategies for cotton. Cooperative extension service, New Mexico State University, 582, pp.1-6.
Krieg DR (1997) Genetic and environmental factors affecting productivity of cotton. In: Dugger, P, Richter DA (Eds), Cotton. New Orleans, pp. 1347-1352.
Ray N, Jadhave SB, KhaddarVK (1989) Effect of graded salinity levels on the lint quality of Gossypium hirsutum L. cultivars. Indian Journal Agricultural Research 21:127-132.
Rhoades JD, Bingham FT, Letey, JVD (1988) Reuse of drainage water for irrigation: results of Imperial Valley study. Hilgardia 56: 1-45.
Ritchie GL, Bednarz CW, Jost PH, Brown SM (2004) Cotton growth and development. Cooperative Extension Service and The University of Georgia College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Bulletin 1252.
USSL (1954) Diagnosis and improvement of saline and alkali soils U.S. Department of Agriculture. Agricultural Handbook. 60. U.S.A. Ye WW, Liu JD, Fan BX, Hu MQ (1997) The effects of salt on the fiber characteristics in upland cotton. China Cottons 24: 17-18.