Spektral yansıma değerlerinin yem bezelyesinde (Pisum sativum) fosfor düzeylerinin belirlenmesi amacıyla kullanımı

Bu çalışmada bir baklagil yem bitkisi olan yem bezelyesindeki (Pisum sativum L.) fosfor düzeylerinin spektral yansıma değerleri kullanarak belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışma hem arazi koşullarında hem de sera koşullarında yürütülmüş ve sera uygulamaları için plastik saksılar kullanılmıştır. Arazi ve sera koşullarında yetiştirilen bitkilerde hem genel (kanopi) hem de yapraktan yansıma ölçümleri yapılmış ve ölçümler için 325-1075 nm dalga boyları arasında yansıma ölçümü yapabilen taşınabilir bir spektroradyometre kullanılmıştır. Yansıma ölçümlerinden sonra biçilen bitkiler 65°C‟de 48 saat kurutularak laboratuarda fosfor analizleri yapılmıştır. Laboratuarda belirlenen fosfor düzeyleri ile spektral yansıma değerlerine değişken ekleme ve eleme (stepwise) regresyon analizi uygulanmış ve fosfor düzeyleri ile ilişkili dalga boyları belirlenerek regresyon eşitlikleri oluşturulmuştur. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre örneklerin fosfor düzeyleri ile dalga boyu yansıma değerleri arasında önemli ilişkiler belirlenmiştir. Özellikle yapraktan yapılan kontrollü ölçümlerde daha sağlıklı sonuçlar elde edilmiştir. Çalışmadan elde edilen sonuçlar yem bezelyesindeki fosfor düzeylerinin tahmin edilmesinde spektral yansıma değerlerinin kullanılabileceğini göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Yansıma değeri, Spektroradyometre, Fosfor düzeyi, Yem bitkisi, Yem bezelyesi

Use of spectral reflectance values to determine phosphorus levels in field pea (Pisum sativum)

The purpose of this study was to determine phosphorus levels in field pea (Pisum sativum L.) based on spectral reflectance values. The study was conducted under both field and greenhouse conditions. Plastic pots were used in greenhouse experiments. Both canopy and leaf measurements were performed in plants which grown in field and greenhouse. A portable spectroradiometer which can measure reflectance wavelength range of 325-1075 nm was used for reflectance measurements. After reflectance measurements, plants were cut and dried in air forced oven at 65°C for 48 h, and phosphorus analyses were carried out in laboratory. Stepwise regression analysis was performed to phosphorus levels determined in laboratory and spectral reflectance values and regression equations were constituted with wavelengths which related with phosphorus levels. According to the results, significant relationships were determined between phosphorus levels and wavelength reflectance values. Better results were obtained in controlled measurements performed in leaves. The results show that, spectral reflectance values can be used to predict phosphorus levels in field pea.

Keywords:

Reflectance value, Spectroradiometer, Phosphorus levels, Forage crops, Field pea,

PDF

___

Acar Z, Aşcı Ö (2006) Fosfor uygulamasının ak üçgül (Trifolium repens L.)‟ün ot ve sap verimi üzerine etkisi. OMÜ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi 21: 323-329.
Adams ML, Norvell WA, Philpot WD, Peverly JH (2000) Spectral detection of micronutrient deficiency in „Bragg‟ soybean. Agronomy Journal 92: 261-268.
Al-Abbas AH, Barr R, Hall JD, Crane FL, Baumgardner MF (1974) Spectra of normal and nutrient-deficient maize leaves. Agronomy Journal 66: 16-20.
Albayrak S (2008) Use of reflectance measurements for the detection of N, P, K, ADF and NDF contents in sainfoin pasture. Sensors 8: 7275-7286.
Beegle D (2007) Soil Fertility management for forage crops. Agronomy Facts 31-A. Pennsylvania State University, Pennsylvania.
Beeri O, Phillips R, Hendrichkson J, Frank AB, Kronberg S (2007) Estimating forage quantity and quality using aerial hyperspectral imagery for northern mixed-grass prairie. Remote Sensing of Environment 110: 216-225.
Biolley JP, Jay M (1993) Anthocyanins in modern roses: Chemical and colorimetric features in relation to the color range. Journal of Experimental Botany 44: 1725-1734.
Bogrekci I, Lee WS, Jordan JD, Craig JC (2005) Multispectral image analysis for phosphorus measurement in Bahia grass. ASAE Paper No. 051067, Fl. Tampa, MI: ASAE.
Brink GE, Rowe DE, Sistani KR, Adeli A (2003) Bermudagrass cultivar response to swine effluent application. Agronomy Journal 95: 597-601.
Buscaglia HJ, Varco JJ (2002) Early detection of cotton leaf nitrogen status using leaf reflectance. Journal of Plant Nutrition 25: 2067-2080.
Castro-Esau KL, Sánchez-Azofeifa GA, B. Rivard B (2006) Comparison of spectral indices obtained using multiple spectroradiometers. Remote Sensing of Environment 103: 276-288.
Close DC, Beadle CL (2003) The ecophysiology of foliar anthocyanin. The Botanical Review 69: 149–161.
Delalieux S, Somers B, Verstraeten WW, Keulemans W, Coppin P (2008) Hyperspectral canopy measurements under artificial illumination. International Journal of Remote Sensing 29: 6051-6058.
Elachi C, Van Zyl J (2006) Introduction to the Physics and Techniques of Remote Sensing. 2nd Edition, John Wiley & Sons, New Jersey.
Filella I, Serrano L, Serra J, Penuelas J (1995) Evaluating wheat nitrogen status with canopy reflectance indices and discriminant analysis. Crop Science 35: 1400-1405.
Graeff S, Steffens D, Schubert S (2001) Use of reflectance measurements for the early detection of N, P, Mg, and Fe deficiencies in corn (Zea mays L.). Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science 164: 445-450.
Halgerson JL, Sheaffer CC, Martin NP, Peterson PR, Weston SJ (2004) Near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy prediction of leaf and mineral concentrations in alfalfa. Agronomy Journal 96: 344-351.
Han L, Rundquist DC (2003) The spectral responses of Ceratophyllum demersum at varying depths in an experimental tank. International Journal of Remote Sensing 24: 859-864.
Jacob J, Lawlor DW (1991) Stomatal and mesophyll limitations of photosynthesis in phosphate-deficient sunflower, maize and wheat plants. Journal of Experimental Botany 42: 1003-1011.
Karaca S, Çimrin KM (2002) Adi Fiğ (Vicia sativa L.)+Arpa (Hordeum vulgare L.) karışımında azot ve fosforlu gübrelemenin verim ve kaliteye etkileri. Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi 12: 47-52.
Kokaly RF, Clark RN (1999) Spectroscopic determination of leaf biochemistry using band-depth analysis of absorption features and stepwise multiple linear regression. Remote Sensing of Environment 67: 267-287.
Kramer HJ (2002) Observation of the Earth and its Environment: Survey of Missions and Sensors. 4th Edition, Springer Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York.
Li B, Liew OW, Asundi AK (2006) Pre-visual detection of iron and phosphorus deficiency by transformed reflectance spectra. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology 85: 131–139.
Lin Y, Liquan Z (2006) Identification of the spectral characteristics of submerged plant Vallisneria spiralis. Acta Ecologica Sinica 26:1005-1011.
Milton NM, Eiswerth BA, Ager CM (1991) Effect of phosphorus deficiency on spectral reflectance and morphology of soybean plants. Remote Sensing Environment 36: 121-127.
Mutanga O, Skidmore AK, Prins HHT (2004) Predicting in situ pasture quality in the Kruger National Park, South Africa, using continuum-removed absorption features. Remote Sensing of Environment 89: 393-408.
Osborne SL, Schepers JS, Francis DD, Schlemmer MR (2002) Detection of phosphorous and nitrogen deficiencies in corn using spectral radiance measurements. Agronomy Journal 94: 1215-1221.
Pant HK, Adjeia MB, Scholbergb JMS, Chamblissb CG, Rechciglc JE (2004) Forage production and phosphorus phytoremediation in manure-impacted soils. Agronomy Journal 96:1780–1786.
Patil VD, Adsuland PB, Deshmukh LS (2007) Studies on spectral reflectance under normal and nitrogen, phosphorus and pest and disease stress condition in soybean (Glycine Max L.). Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing 35: 351-359
Pietrini F, Massacci A (1998) Leaf anthocyanin content changes in Zea mays L. grown at low temperature: significance for the relationship between the quantum yield of PS II and the apparent quantum yield of CO2 assimilation. Photosynthesis Research 58: 213-219.
Pietrini F, Iannelli MA, Massacci A (2002) Anthocyanin accumulation in the illuminated surface of maize leaves enhances protection from photo-inhibitory risks at low temperature, without further limitation to photosynthesis. Plant, Cell and Environment 25: 1251-1259.
Polat T, Bükün B, Okant M (2007) Dose response effect of nitrogen and phosphorus on forage quality, yield and economic return of rangelands. Pakistan Journal of Botany 39: 151-160.
Salisbury FB, Ross CW (1992) Plant Physiology. 4th Edition Wadsworth Publishing Company, Belmont, California.
Sayar MS, Anlarsal AE, Başbağ M, Gül İ, Açıkgöz E (2009) Diyarbakır koşullarında bazı yem bezelyesi (Pisum arvense L.) hatlarının verim ve verim unsurlarının belirlenmesi. Türkiye VIII. Tarla Bitkileri Kongresi, 19-22 Ekim 2009 Hatay, s. 646-650.
Summy KR, Little CR, Mazariegos RA, Everitt JH, Davis MR, French JV, Scott AW (2003) Detecting stress in glasshouse plants using color infrared imagery: A potential new application for remote sensing. Subtropical Plant Science 55: 51-58.
Tarpley L, Reddy KR, Sassenrath-Cole GF (2000) Reflectance indices with precision and accuracy in predicting cotton leaf nitrogen concentration. Crop Science 40: 1814-1819.
Zhao D, Reddy KR, Kakani VG, Read JJ, Koti S (2005) Selection of optimum reflectance ratios for estimating leaf nitrogen and chlorophyll concentrations of field-grown cotton. Agronomy Journal 97: 89-98.
Zhao D, Starks PJ, Brown MA, Phillips WA, Coleman SW (2007) Assessment of forage biomass and quality parameters of bermuda grass using proximal sensing of pasture canopy reflectance. Grassland Science 53: 39-49.