Samsun ili fasulye üretim alanlarında kök çürüklüğü ve solgunluğa neden olan Fusarium türlerinin ve patojenitelerinin belirlenmesi

Bu çalışma Samsun ili Bafra, Çarşamba ve Terme ilçelerinde yoğun olarak fasulye üretimi yapılan alanlarda, fasulyede kök çürüklüğü ve solgunluğa neden olan Fusarium türlerinin tespiti ve patojenitelerinin belirlenmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. Bu ilçelerde toplam 50 farklı fasulye üretim alanında sörvey çalışmaları gerçekleştirilmiştir. Hastalıklı fasulye bitkilerinden yapılan izolasyonlar sonucunda 168 Fusarium izolatı elde edilmiştir. Çalışmada Fusarium oxysporum %47.0’lık oranla en fazla izole edilen tür olurken, bunu F. solani (%25.0) takip etmiştir. Çalışmada izole edilen diğer türler sırasıyla; F. semitectum (%10.1), F. verticillioides (%7.7), F. equiseti (%1.8), F. lateritium (%1.2), F. poae (%1.2), F. acuminatum (%0.6), F. chlamydosporum (%0.6), F. compactum (%0.6), F. heterosporum (%0.6), F. merismoides (%0.6), Microdochium nivale (%0.6) ve F. proliferatum (%0.6)’dur. Gina çeşidi fasulye bitkilerinin kullanıldığı patojenite denemeleri sonucunda, tüm Fusarium spp. izolatları arasında, fasulyede solgunluğa neden olan F. oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli‘ye ait Ç-23-2 ve Ç-20-3 izolatlarının en virülent izolat olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bununla birlikte fasulyede kök çürüklüğüne neden olan F. solani f. sp. phaseoli’nin 3 izolatının ise orta derecede virülent olduğu belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak Samsun ilinde fasulye üretimi yapılan alanların önemli toprak patojenlerinden biri olan Fusarium ile bulaşık olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Fasulye, Fusarium spp., Kök çürüklüğü, Solgunluk, Patojenite

Determination of Fusarium species causing root rot and wilt and their pathogenicities in bean growing areas of Samsun province

This study was conducted with the aim of determining pathogenicities and the species of Fusarium which cause root rot and wilt on bean in the areas where bean production was made in Bafra, Çarşamba and Terme districts of Samsun province. In the three districts, surveys were conducted in a total of 50 different bean production areas. As a result of isolation made from the infected bean plants, totally 168 Fusarium isolates were obtained. In the study, Fusarium oxysporum was the most frequently isolated species with a rate of 47.0%, followed by F. solani (25.0%). The other isolated species were F. semitectum (10.1%), F. verticillioides (7.7%), F. equiseti (1.8%), F. lateritium (1.2%), F. poae (1.2%), F. acuminatum (0.6%), F. chlamydosporum (0.6%), F. compactum (0.6%), F. heterosporum (0.6%), F. merismoides (0.6%), Microdochium nivale (0.6%) and F. proliferatum (0.6%) respectively. As a result of the pathogenicity test used plants of bean cultivar Gina, among isolates of 22 Fusarium spp., it was determined that isolates of Ç-23-2 and Ç-20-3 belonging to F. oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli causing wilt on bean were found to be the most virulent. However, the three isolates of F. solani f. sp. phaseoli causing root rot in beans were determined to be moderately virulent. As a result, it was determined that the majority of bean producing areas in Samsun province was infested by Fusarium which is one of the major soil pathogens.

Keywords:

Phaseolus vulgaris, Fusarium spp., Root rot, Wilt, Pathogenecity,

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