The aim of the study to investigate fatty acids (FAs) of Pleurotus ostreatus and Russula delica in Total Lipid (TL), Triacylglycerol (TG) and Phospholipid (PL) fractions. The major FAs of TL, TG, PL in both species were palmitic acid (PA), oleic acid (OLA), and linoleic acid (LA). In both species, total PUFA amounts were found to be higher than total monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and total saturated fatty acids (SFA) in TL, TG and PL fractions. Also, insufficiently studied cytotoxic activity (using prostate carcinoma (PC-3) cell lines) of these mushrooms were investigated by using various solvent systems. Ethyl acetate extract of Pleurotus ostreatus and Russula delica showed significant inhibitory value at the concentrations of 520-530 μg/ml (99.45-92.82%) against PC-3 cell lines with the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50); 274.53-297.77 μg/mL respectively. The present study is a guide for biochemical and nutritional values of both species and can be useful for further investigation on pharmacological applications.
___
1. Heleno SA, Barros L, Sousa MJ, et al. Study and characterization of selected nutrients in wild mushrooms from Portugal by gas chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography. Microchem J. 2009;93:195-9.
2. Kalac P. Chemical composition and nutritional value of European species of wild growing mushrooms. Nova Science Publisher. In S. Andres & N, Baumann (Eds.) Mushrooms: Types, properties and nutrition 2012. p. 130–51.
3. Sarikahya NB, Ucar EO, Kayce P, et al. Fatty acid composition and antioxidant potential of ten cephalaria species. Records of Natural Products. 2015;9:116.
4. Parikh P, McDaniel MC, Ashen D, et al. Diets and cardiovascular disease: an evidence-based assessment., J Am Coll Cardiol. 2005;45:1379.
5. Maga JA. Mushroom flavor. J Agric. Food Chem. 1981;29:1-4.
6. Brown JE. A critical review of methods used to estimate linoleic acid Δ6‐desaturation ex vivo and in vivo. Eur J Lipid Sci Technol. 2005;107-19.
7. Ribeiro B, Lopes R, Andrade PB, et al. Comparative study of phytochemicals and antioxidant potential of wild edible mushroom caps and stipes. Food Chem. 2008;110:47-56.
8. Kavishree S, Hemavathy J, Lokesh BR, et al. Fat and fatty acids of indian edible mushrooms. Food Chemistry. 2008;106:597-602.
9. Ribeiro B, de Pinho PG, Andrade PB, et al. Fatty acid composition of wild edible mushrooms species: A comparative study. Microchemical J. 2009;93:29.
10. Ozturk M, Tel G, Ozturk FA, et al. The cooking effect on two edible mushrooms in anatolia, fatty acid composition, total bioactive compounds, antioxidant and anticholinesterase activities. Records of Natural Products 2014;8:189.
11. Zengin G, Sarikurkcu C, Aktumsek A, et al. A Comparative fatty acid compositional analysis of different wild species of mushrooms from Turkey. Emirates J Food Agricult. 2015;27:532.
12. Cayan GT, Ozturk M, Duru ME, et al. Fatty acid profiles in wild mushroom species from Anatolia. Chem Nat Compd. 2017;53:351–3.
13. Sarikurkcu C, Tepe B, Yamac M. Evaluation of the antioxidant activity of four edible mushrooms from the Central Anatolia, Eskisehir–Turkey: Lactarius deterrimus, Suillus collitinus, Boletus edulis, Xerocomus chrysenteron. Bioresour Technol. 2008;99:6651-5.
14. Gursoy N, Sarikurkcu C, Tepe B, et al. Evaluation of antioxidant activities of 3 edible mushrooms: Ramaria flava (Schaef: Fr.) Quél, Rhizopogon roseolus (Corda) TM Fries. and Russula delica Fr. Food Sci Biotechnol 2010;19:691-6.
15. Christensen CM. Edible Mushrooms. 2nd Edn. Printed in the United States of America 1981. p. 118.
16. Hall IR, Stephenson SL, Buchanan PK, et al. Edible and Poisonous Mushrooms of the World. Printed through Colorcraft Ltd. Hong Kong. 2003. p. 370.
17. Folch J, Lees M, Stanley A. Simple method for the isolation and purification of total lipids from animal tissues. J Biol Chem. 1957;226:497–509.
18. Kaçar S, Başhan M. Oymak AS. Effect of seasonal variation on lipid and fatty acid profile in muscle tissue of male and female Silurus triostegus. J Food Sci Technol. 2016;53:2913–22.
19. Duncan DB. Multiple range and multiple F tests. Biometrics 1955;11:1-42.
20. Alley MC, Scudiere DA, Monks A, et al. Feasibility of drug screening with panels of human tumor cell lines using a microculture tetrazolium assay. Cancer Res. 1998;48:589–601.
21. Smith JE, Rowan NJ, Sullivan R. Medicinal mushrooms: a rapidly developing area of biotechnology for cancer therapy and other bioactivities. Biotechnol Letters. 2002;24:1839–45.
22. Aparicio R, Aparicio-Ruiz R. Authentication of vegetable oils by chromatographic techniques. Journal of Chromatography A. 2000;881:93–104.
23. Wannes WA, Mhamdi B, Sriti J et al. Glycerolipid and fatty acid distribution in pericarp, seed and whole fruit oils of Myrtus communis var, italica, Indust Crops Produc. 2010;31:77–83.
24. Üstün O. Makrofungusların besin değeri ve biyolojik etkileri. Turk Hij Den Biyol Derg. 2011;68:223-40.
25. Leal AR, Barros L, Barreira J, et al. Portuguese wild mushrooms at the “pharma–nutrition” interface: nutritional characterization and antioxidant properties. Food Res Int. 2013:50:1-9.
26. Kavishree S, Hemavathy J, Lokesh BR, et al. Fat and fatty acids of Indian edible mushrooms. Food Chemistry. 2008;106:597-602.
27. Yilmaz N, Solmaz M, Turkeul I, Elmastas M. Fatty acid composition in some wild edible mushrooms growing in the middle Black Sea region of Turkey. Food Chem. 2006;99:168-74
28. Pedneault KP, Angers TJ, Avis A, et al. Fatty acid profiles of polar and non-polar lipids of Pleurotus ostreatus and P. cornucopiae var, “citrino-pileatus” grown at different temperatures. Mycol Res. 2007;11:1228-34.
29. Maftoun P, Johari H, Soltani M, et al. The edible mushroom Pleurotus spp.: I. Biodiversity and nutritional value. Int J Biotechnol Wellness Industr. 2015;4:67-83.
30. Bobek P and Galbavy S. Effect of pleuran (beta-glucan from Pleurotus ostreatus) on the antioxidant status of the organism and on dimethylhydrazine-induced precancerous lesions in rat colon. Br J Biomed Sci. 2001;58:164-8.
31. Jedinak A, Dudhgaonkar S, Jiang J, et al. Pleurotus ostreatus inhibits colitis-related colon carcinogenesis in mice. Int J Mol Med. 2010;26: 643–50.
32. Wu JY, Chen CH, Chang WH, et al. Anti-cancer effects of protein extracts from Calvatia lilacina, Pleurotus ostreatus and Volvariella volvacea. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2011;982368.
33. De Silva DD, Rapior S, Fons F, et al. Medicinal mushrooms in supportive cancer therapies: an approach to anti-cancer effects and putative mechanisms of action—a review. Fungal Divers. 2012;55:1–35.
34. Devi KSP, Roy B, Patra P, et al. Characterization and lectin microarray of an immunomodulatory heteroglucan from Pleurotus ostreatus mycelia. Carbohydr Polym. 2013;94:857–65.
35. Cohen R, Persky L, Hadar Y. Biotechnological applications and potential of wood degrading mushrooms of the genus Pleurotus. Applied Microbiol Biotechnol. 2002;58582594.
36. Gu YH, Sivam G. Cytotoxic effect of oyster mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus on human androgen-independent prostate cancer PC-3 cells. J Med Food. 2006;9:196–204.