Yunus Emre ÖZER, Sefa ACARLI, Selçuk BERBER

Preliminary Results on the Growth of Larval European Lobster (Homarus gammarus (Linneaus, 1758)) in Turkey

Sea lobsters are among the most valuable seafood traded commodities. Since its production with fishing has decreased every year in the world, many types of cultural studies have been carried out and success has been achieved. The aim of this research is to investigate the survival of European lobster (Homarus gammarus) larvae in Turkey and to determine the nature of the direction of growth opportunities. This research is the first study in Turkey investigating the nature of the direction of growth opportunities and the survival of European lobster larvae. Larval release, larvae feeding and survival possibilities were investigated on two egg-bearing lobsters obtained from Çanakkale coasts. Both broodstock larvae were able to survive until the post larval stage. The larvae of the first mature lobster reached 10.857 mm total length and 0.025 g live weight after approximately 30 days. The larvae of the second mature lobster reached 26.9 mm total length and 0.502 g live weight after 33 days. A significant difference was found in the larvae of two mature lobsters at the end of the experiment according to their initial dimensions in both length and weight (p <0.05). In addition, it was determined that the growth was higher due to the higher temperature in the larvae of the second mature lobster.

Keywords:

European Lobster Homarus gammarus, Larval development, Rearing,

PDF

___

Acarlı, D. & Kale, S. (2020a). Species-specific artificial reef models for lobster (Homarus gammarus Linnaeus 1758). Ege Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 37(1): 1-7. https://doi.org/10.12714/egejfas.37.1.01
Acarli, D. & Kale, S. (2020b). Species composition of artificial reef models specifically designed for Homarus gammarus (Crustacea: Decapoda: Nephropidae) in the Sea of Marmara. Research in Marine Sciences, 5(1): 625-635.
Acarli, D., Çakir, K. & Kale, S. (2018). Design and analysis of species-specific artificial reef models to determine shelter-preference behaviour of Homarus gammarus in Erdek-Ocaklar, Turkey. Proceedings of the 8th International Symposium of Ecology 2018, Kastamonu, Turkey, pp.266.
Acarli, S. & Lök, A. (2009). Larvae development stages of the European flat oyster (Ostrea edulis). Israeli Journal of Aquaculture-Bamidgeh, 61(2): 114-120.
Acarli, S., Lök, A., Acarli, D. & Kırtık, A. (2018). Reproductive cycle and biochemical composition in the adductor muscle of the endangered species fan mussel Pinna nobilis, Linnaeus 1758 from the Aegean Sea, Turkey. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 27: 6506-6518.
Acarli, S., Lök, A., Kırtık, A., Acarli, D., Serdar, S., Kucukdermenci, A., Yigitkurt, S., Yildiz, H., Saltan, A. N. (2015). Seasonal variation in reproductive activity and biochemical composition of flat oyster (Ostrea edulis) in the Homa Lagoon, Izmir Bay, Turkey. Scientia Marina, 79(4): 487-495. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/ scimar.04202.16A
Agnalt, A. L., Grefsrud, E. S., Farestveit, E., Larsen, M. & Keulder, F. (2013). Deformities in larvae and juvenile European lobster (Homarus gammarus) exposed to lower pH at two different temperatures. Biogeosciences, 10(12): 7883-7895. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-7883-2013
Akhan, S., Bektas, Y., Berber, S. & Kalayci, G. (2014). Population structure and genetic analysis of narrow-clawed crayfish (Astacus leptodactylus) populations in Turkey. Genetica, 142(5): 381-395. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10709-014-9782-5
Bakır, A. K., Katağan, T., Aker, H. V., Özcan, T., Sezgin, M., Ateş, A. S., Koçak, C. & Kırkım, F. (2014). The marine arthropods of Turkey. Turkish Journal of Zoology, 38(6): 765-831. https://doi.org/10.3906/zoo-1405-48
Balık, S., Ustaoğlu, M. R., Sarı, H. M. & Berber, S. (2006). Some reproduction properties of crayfish (Astacus leptodactylus Eschscholtz, 1823) in Demirköprü Dam Lake. E.U. Journal of Fisheries & Aquatic Sciences, 23(3-4): 245-249.
Balkıs, N., Albayrak, S. & Balkıs, H. (2002). Check-list of the Crustacea fauna of the Bosphorus. Turkish Journal of Black Sea/Mediterranean Environment, 8(3): 157-164.
Beal, B. F., Mercer, J. P. & O’conghaile, A. (2002). Survival and growth of hatchery-reared individuals of the European lobster, (Homarus gammarus, L.) in field-based nursery cages on the Irish west coast. Aquaculture, 210(1-4): 137-157. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0044-8486(02)00037-6
Berber, S. (2005). Comparison of investigation of bio-ecological, morphometric characteristics and disease status of crayfish (Astacus leptodactylus Eschscholtz, 1823) populations in Manyas, Apolyont and Iznik lakes. Ph.D. Thesis. Ege University, İzmir, Turkey.
Berber, S. & Balik, S. (2009). The length weight relationships and meat yield of crayfish Astacus leptodactylus Eschcholtz 1823 population in Apolyont Lake Bursa Turkey. Journal of FisheriesSciences.com, 3(2): 86-99. https://doi.org/10.3153/ jfscom.2009012
Berber, S. & Kale, S. (2018). Comparison of juvenile Astacus leptodactylus growth raised in cages in rice fields to other crayfish juvenile growth studies. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 18(2): 331-341. https://doi.org/10.4194/1303-2712-v18_2_12
Berber, S. & Mazlum, Y. (2009). Reproductive efficiency of the narrow-clawed crayfish, Astacus leptodactylus, in several populations in Turkey. Crustaceana, 82(5): 531-542. https://doi.org/10.1163/156854009X407713
Berber, S., Mazlum, Y., Demirci, A. & Türel, S. (2012). Structure, growth, mortality and size at sexual maturity of various populations Astacus leptodactylus Eschscholtz, 1823 (Cructecea: Decopada) in Turkey. Marine Science and Technology Bulletin, 1(1): 21-27.
Berber, S., Kale, S., Bulut, M. & İzci, B. (2019). A study on determining the ideal stock density of freshwater crayfish (Pontastacus leptodactylus) in polyculture with rice (Oryza sativa L.). KSU Journal of Agriculture and Nature, 22(6): 953-964. https://doi.org/10.18016/ ksutarimdoga.vi.544561
Berber, S., Yildiz, H., Ateş, A. S., Bulut, M. & Mendeş, M. (2010). A study on the relationships between some morphological and reproductive traits of the Turkish crayfish, Astacus Leptodactylus Eschscholtz, 1823 (Crustacea: Decapoda). Reviews in Fisheries Science, 18(1): 131-137. https://doi.org/10.1080/10641260903491003
Berber, S., Yildiz, H., Özen, Ö., Palaz, M. & Mendeş, M. (2011). Temporary timing of reproductive traits with respect to environmental variables in Turkish crayfish in Yenice Reservoir. Kafkas Universitesi Veteriner Fakultesi Dergisi, 17(3): 477-486. https://doi.org/10.9775/kvfd.2011.4179
Burton, C. A. (2003). Lobster hatcheries and stocking programmes: An introductory manual. Sea Fish Industry Authority Aquaculture Development Service. Seafish Report, SR552.
Cobb, J. S. & Castro, K. M. (2006). Homarus species (pp. 310-339). In: Phillips, B. F. (ed.), Lobsters: Biology, management, aquaculture and fisheries. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing Limited. 506p.
Cobb, J. S. (1976). The American lobster: The biology of H. americanus. University of Rhode Island, Marine Technical Reports, 48: 1-32. Daniels, C. L., Wills, B., Ruiz-Perez, M., Miles, E., Wilson, R. W. & Bothroyd, D. (2015). Development of sea based container culture for rearing European lobster (Homarus gammarus) around South West England. Aquaculture, 448: 186-195. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.aquaculture.2015.05.026
Deveciyan, K. (2011). Türkiye’de Balık ve Balıkçılık. İstanbul, Turkey: Aras Yayıncılık. 574p.
Drengstig, A. & Bergheim, A. (2013) Commercial land-based farming of European lobster (Homarus gammarus L.) in recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) using a single cage approach. Aquacultural Engineering, 53: 14-18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaeng.2012.11.007
Eagles, M. D., Aiken, D. E. & Waddy, S. L. (1986). Influence of light and food on larval American lobsters, Homarus americanus. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 43(11): 2303-2310. https://doi.org/10.1139/ f86-282
Erkan, M. & Ayun, T. Y. (2014). Morphological and histochemical examination of male and female gonads in Homarus gammarus (L. 1758). Central European Journal of Biology, 9(1): 37-48. https://doi.org/10.2478/ s11535-013-0148-7
Evjemo, J. O., Andersen, M., Sigstadstø, E. R., Johnsen, K. I. & Olsen, Y. (2009). First feeding of lobster larvae (Homarus gammarus). In: Hendry, C. I., Van Stappen, G., Wille, M. Sorgeloos, P. (Eds.), Proceedings of Larvi’09 – Fish & Shellfish Larviculture Symposium, Oostende, Belgium. European Aquaculture Society, Special Publication. 38: 96-97.
FAO. (2020). 2001-2020 fisheries and aquaculture topics. Fisheries statistics and information. Topics fact sheets. In: FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Department [online]. Rome. Updated 22 December 2015. Retrieved on 26 April 2020 from http://www.fao.org/fishery/
Fefer, I. S. & Schetting, P. A. (1980). An ecological characterization of coastal maine (North and East of Cape Elizabeth). Fish and Wildlife Service U.S. Department of Interior, 5: 278 p.
Fiore, D. R. & Tlusty, M. F. (2005). Use of commercial Artemia replacement diets in culturing larval American lobsters (Homarus americanus). Aquaculture, 243(1-4): 291-303. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2004.10.009
Gönülal, O. & Güreşen, S. O. (2014) A list of macrofauna on the continental shelf of Gökçeada Island (Northern Aegean Sea) with a new record (Gryphus vitreus Born, 1778) (Brachiopoda, Rhynchonellata) for the Turkish Seas. Journal of Black Sea/Mediterranean Environment, 20(3): 228˗252.
Jackson, T. D., Torres, G. & Giménez, L. (2014). Survival and development of larvae of two Decapod Crustaceans under limited access to prey across a thermal range. Journal of Plankton Research, 36(6):1476-1487. https://doi.org/10.1093/plankt/fbu065
Jardas, I. & Pallaoro, A. (1992). Age and growth of black scorpionfish Scorpaena porcus L. 1758 in the Adriatic Sea. Rapport Commission international Mer Méditerranée, 33: 296
Jørstad, K. E., Prodöhl, P. A., Kristiansen, T. S., Hughes, M., Farestevit, E., Taggart, J. B., Agnalt, A. –L. & Ferguson, A. (2005). Communal larval rearing of European lobster (Homarus gammarus): Family identification by microsatellite DNA profiling and offspring fitness comparisons. Aquaculture, 247(1-4): 275-285. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2005.02.025
Kirby, R. R., Beaugrand, G., Lindley, J. A., Richardson, A. J., Edwards, M. & Reid, P. C. (2007). Climate effects and benthic-pelagic coupling in the North Sea. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 330: 31-38.
Kocataş, A. & Katağan, T. (2003). The Decapod Crustacean fauna of the Turkish Seas. Zoology in the Middle East, 29(1): 63-74. https://doi.org/10.1080/09397140.2003. 10637971
Küçükdermenci, A. & Lök, A. (2012). An investigation on ovarian development of grooved shrimp Melicertus kerathurus in Izmir Bay, Turkey. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 92(3): 531-538. https://doi.org/10.1017/S002531541100107X
Kumlu, M. & Jones, D. A. (1997). Digestive protease activity in planktonic Crustaceans feeding at different trophic levels. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 77: 159-165. https://doi.org/10.1017/ S0025315400033841
Kurmaly, K., Jones, D. A. & Yule, A. B. (1990). Acceptability and digestion of diets fed to larval stages of Homarus gammarus and the role of dietary conditioning behaviour. Marine Biology, 106: 181-190. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01314799
Meyers, S. P. (1973). Capsulation techniques, development of diets for larval and post-larval aquatic animals. Feedstuffs, 45: 35-36.
Meyers, S. P. (1979). Formulation of water-stable diets for larval fishes. Proceedings of the World Symposium on Finfish Nutrition and Feed Technology, Hamburg, Germany. 2: 13-21.
Mikami, S. & Kuballa, A. V. (2007). Factors important in larval and postlarval molting, growth, and rearing (pp. 91-110). In: Lavelli K. L., Spanier, E. (Eds.), The biology and fisheries of the slipper lobster. Boca Raton, Florida, USA: CRC Press.
Nicosia, F. & Lavalli, K. (1999). Homarid lobster hatcheries: Their history and role in research, management, and aquaculture. Marine Fisheries Review, 61: 1–57.
Olson, R. R. & Olson, M. H. (1989). Food limitation of planktotrophic marine invertebrate larvae: Does it control recruitment success? Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 20(1): 225-247. https://doi.org/ 10.1146/annurev.es.20.110189.001301
Powell, A., Cowing, D. M., Eriksson, S. P., & Johnson, M. L. (2017). Stress response according to transport protocol in Norway lobster, Nephrops norvegicus. Crustacean Research, 46: 17-24. https://doi.org/10.18353/crustacea.46.0_17
Prodöhl, P. A., Jørstad, K. E., Triantafyllidis, A., Katsares, V. & Triantaphyllidis, C. (2007). European lobster – Homarus gammarus (pp. 91-98). In: Svåsand, T., Crosetti, D., García-Vázquez, E., Verspoo, E. (Eds.), Genetic impact of aquaculture activities on native populations. European Commission Reports, Genimpact final scientific report (EU contract n. RICA-CT-2005-022802). 176 p.
Schmalenbach, I. & Franke, H. -D. (2010). Potential impact of climate warming on the recruitment of an economically and ecologically important species, the European lobster (Homarus gammarus) at Helgoland, North Sea. Marine Biology, 157: 1127-1135. https://doi.org/10.1007/ s00227-010-1394-8
Scolding, J. W. S., Powell, A., Boothroyd, D. & Shields, R. J. (2012). The effect of ozonation on survival, growth and bacterial loading of the European lobster (Homarus gammarus). Aquaculture, 364-365: 217-223. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2012.08.017
Storch, V. & Anger, K. (1983). Influence of starvation and feeding on the hepatopancreas of larval Hyas araneus (Decapoda, Majidae). Helgoländer Meeresuntersuchungen, 36: 67-75. https://doi.org/ 10.1007/BF01995796
Türel, S. & Berber, S. (2016). The effects of calcium supplemented diets on growth performance of crayfish (Astacus leptodactylus Eschscholtz, 1823). Adıyaman University Journal of Science, 6(1): 96-109.
Türel, S., Berber, S. & Kale, S. (2015). Crayfish cultivation in Turkey: Past, present and future. Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies in Agriculture, Food and Environment (HAICTA 2015), Kavala, Greece. pp. 867-870.
van Olst, J. C., Carlberg, J. M. & Hughes, J. T. (1980). Chapter 10 – Aquaculture (pp. 333-384). In: Cobb, J. S., Phillips, B. F. (Eds.), The Biology and Management of Lobsters. Vol II: Ecology and Management. New York, USA: Academic Press, Inc. 390p.
Wickins, J. F. & Beard, T. W. (1991). Variability in size at moult among individual broods of cultured lobsters, Homarus gammarus (L.). Aquaculture and Fisheries Management, 22(4): 481-489. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2109.1991.tb00761.x
Wickins, J. F. & Lee, D. O’C. (2002). Crustacean Farming Ranching and Culture. (Second Edition). Oxford, UK: Blackwell Science. 434p.
Yildiz, H., Berber, S., Acarli, S. & Vural, P. (2011). Seasonal variation in the condition index, meat yield and biochemical composition of the flat oyster Ostrea edulis (Linnaeus, 1758) from the Dardanelles, Turkey. Italian Journal of Animal Science, 10(1): 22-26. https://doi.org/10.4081/ijas.2011.e5