TÜRKİYE'DEKİ AFGAN GÖÇMENLERİN FIRSAT VE ZORLUKLARINA YÖNELİK BİR ANALİZ

Nüfus hareketlerinin tarihi bireylerin ve toplumun daha iyi yaşam arzusu nedeniyle insanlık tarihi kadar eskiye gider. Göç farklı dönemlerde, çeşitli nedenlere bağlı olarak değişikl şekilde gelişmiştir. Kökelik, savaş, demokratik baskı, işgücü ve mekândaki farklı baskı nedenleri ile göç edilen yerlerin cazibe durumları göçün nedenleri oluşturmuştur. Bu çalışmada Afganların Türkiye'ye göç nedenlerini ve göçmenlerin mevcut durumunları ortaya konulması amaçlanmıştır. Bu kapsamda Afgan göçünün fırsat ve zorlukları betimsel ve analitik çerçevede incelenmiştir. Makalenin analizi göç teorileri yöntemleri çerçevesinde itici ve cazibe etkisi çerçevesinde yeni bir bakış oluşturulmuştur. Bilgiler ulusal ve uluslararası göç ve göçmen organizasyonlarından, basılı ve dijital veri kaynaklarından faydalanılarak elde edilmiştir. Afganistan'da uzun süredir devam eden savaş binlerce Afgan’nın dünyanın farklı bölglerine göç ettirmişti. Türkiye Asya ülkeleri ve Avrupa ülkeleriyle stratejik ve jeostratejik geçiş noktası durumundadır. Bu durum iç-dış göç şeklinde yasal ve yasadışı olarak devam etmektedir. Özellikle Avrupa ülkelerine gitmek isteyen Afganlar için her yıl binlerce mülteci Türkiye'ye göç etmektedir. Türkiye'de yaşayan Afganlar kimlik sahibi olmasına bağlı olarak bazı eğitim, sigortalı çalışma ve sağlık imkânlarından faydalanmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Göç, Afganlar, Zorluklar, Fırsatlar, Türkiye

AN ANALYSIS OF OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES TOWARDS THE AFGHAN IMMIGRANTS IN TURKEY

The history of population movements goes back to the history of humanity due to the desire of individuals and society to live better. Migration has been developed in different periods due to various reasons. The originality, war, democratic pressure, labor force and different pressure in space, attractiveness of the places have been the reasons for migration, respectivley. The purpose of writing this article is to show the migration of Afghans to Turkey by analyzing the situation for immigrants. Their opportunities and challenges during migration were examined by both descriptive and analytical methods. Its approach analysis is based on the usage of related immigration theories including ravenstein's theory of repulsion and gravity (new security theory), which has been used in immigration data collection from international immigration organizations and library in the field area. Afghanistan has been involved in war for a few decades, and thousands of Afghans have migrated to countries around the world especially European countries. Each year, thousands of refugees migrate to Turkey for spacial purposes. Turkey provides some opportunities and challenges for Afghans such as studying, employement and investment opportunities. However, working permission and health insurance with no kimlik (ID card) is not possible for them.

Keywords:

Migration, Afghans, Challenges, Opportunity, Turkey,

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