PARAMETRİK VE HİYERARŞİK MODELSEL YAKLAŞIMLA SAMSUN İLİ ARAZİLERİNİN TARIMSAL ARAZİ UYGUNLUK SINIFLARIN BELİRLENMESİ

Arazi kalite indeksi agro-ekosistemlerinin değerlendirilmesinde önemli bir araçtır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, parametrik (AKIg) ve hiyerarşik (AKIa) yaklaşımlı iki farklı arazi kalite indeks modeli kullanılarak Samsun iline ait arazilerin tarımsal amaçlı arazi uygunluk sınıflamasının belirlenmesi ve haritalanmasıdır. 9579 km2 alana sahip olan Samsun ilinden 995 adet yüzey toprak örneklemesi yapılmıştır. Arazi özelliklerinden derinlik ve eğim, fizikokimyasal toprak özelliklerinden ise bünye, pH, EC, kireç, verimlilik özelliklerinden ise fosfor, potasyum ve azot olmak üzere toplam 9 faktör ile toplam veri seti (TVS) oluşturulmuştur. Minimum veri setin (MVS) oluşturulmasında ise temel bileşenler analizi uygulanmıştır. TVS’ne göre AKIa ve AKIg modellerine ait dağılım haritalarının oluşturulmasında Kriging’in basit üssel ve Gaussian modelleri kullanılmıştır. Her iki modele göre çalışma alanının yaklaşık %15’i işlemeli tarıma arazi kalitesi bakımından hiçbir zaman uygun değilken, yaklaşık % 30’u ise çok uygun ve uygun olduğu belirlenmiştir. MVS’ne göre AKIa ve AKIg modellerine ait dağılım haritalarının oluşturulmasında ise Kriging’in basit üssel ve doğal küresel modelleri kullanılmıştır. Buna göre, AKİa için toplam alanın %29,5’si çok uygun ve uygun iken, AKİg yaklaşımı için % 22.1’i uygun ve çok uygun sınıf olarak belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca, TVS ve MVS’ne göre AKIa ve AKIg lineer korelasyon ve kappa istatistik analizleri ile karşılaştırıldığında ise TVS-AKIa modelinin en yüksek değere sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Minimum Veri Seti, Arazi Kalitesi, Temel Bileşenler Analizi, Samsun

DETERMINATION OF AGRICULTURAL LAND SUITABILITY CLASSES FOR SAMSUN PROVINCE BASED ON PARAMETRIC AND HIERARCHY APPROACHES

Land quality index is an important tool for evaluating agro-ecosystem. The aim of this study is to determine and agricultural land suitability classes for Samsun province based on two different land quality indexes model (parametric-AKIg and hierarchy-AKIa) approaches and to create maps of them. Total 995 soil samples were taken from soil surface (0-20cm) in Samsun province covers about 9579 km2. Total data set (TDS) consists of nine land and physic-chemical soil properties (soil depth, slope, texture, pH, EC, lime content, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. In order to generate MDS, principal component analysis was done. Exponential and Gaussian of simple kriging models were used to generate distribution map of the AKIa and AKIg suitability classes in TDS. According to results, about 15% total study area is not suitable for agricultural activities whereas, about 30% of it is suitable and highly suitable for agricultural usage. In addition, Exponential simple of kriging models were used to generate distribution map of the AKIa and AKIg suitability classes in MDS. According to results, about 29.5% total study area was found as suitableand highly suitable for agricultural activities in AKIa model while, about 22.1% of it is suitable and highly suitable for agricultural usages in AKIg model. Moreover, the results of linear correlation and kappa statistical analysis showed that land quality was better estimated using AKIa, compared to the AKIg in TDS and MDS.

Keywords:

Land Quality, Minimum Data Set, Principal Components Analysis, Samsun,

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