19695

Müzikal Tiyatro ve Filmlerde Şarkı Çevirisi: Karşılaştırmalı Bütünleşik bir Yaklaşımın Uygulanması

Bu çalışma, kiplikler arası ve ortamlar arası çeviri çeşitliliği çerçevesinde, şarkı çevirilerine yönelik çok kipli bütüncül bir yaklaşımı sunmayı ve uygulamayı ve söz konusu yaklaşım aracılığıyla, göstergesel kaynakların birbiriyle etkileşim hâlinde yaratabileceği anlamın ayrılmaz bir bütün olarak ele alınabileceğini ortaya koymayı amaçlamaktadır. Çalışmanın odak noktasını Türkiye’de hem müzikal tiyatro hem de müzikal film olarak çevirilmiş olan Damdaki Kemancı (Fiddler on the Roof) oluşturmaktadır. Eserin çözümlenmesi için Halliday’in Dizgeci İşlevsel Dilbilgisinden, Kress ve van Leeuwen’ın metin ve görsel dilbilgisini birleştirdiği bütüncül yaklaşımından ve van Leeuwen’ın (1999) müzik çözümlemesi çerçevesinden oluşan üçlü bir model oluşturulmuştur. Öte yandan, Türkiye’deki müzikal geleneğinin sunduğu tablo, müzikal filmlerdeki şarkı çevirilerinde televizyonların bir dönem devlet tekelinde olması nedeniyle istikrarlı bir seçimle daha çok karma çevirilerin yapıldığı yönündedir. Tiyatro müzikallerinde ise çeviri stratejilerinin daha geniş bir yelpazeye yayılması çoklu göstergelerin yer aldığı popüler sanat gösterimlerindeki, ideolojik ve ekonomik temellere dayalı uygulamalardan kaynaklanan dalgalanmalara ışık tutmaktadır. Derinlemesine çokkipli çözümlememiz, bütünleşik bir yaklaşımın müzikallerin edimsel ve anlatımsal boyutlarında birbiriyle kesişen gösterme sürecinin (semiyosis) potansiyel yoğunluğunu ortaya çıkarmıştır. Çokkipli çözümleme sayesinde ortaya çıkan bu yeni boyutlar yeni beceriler, bilgiler ve okuryazarlık gerekirmekte ve böylelikle çeviribiliminin sınırlarını genişletmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Şarkı çevirisi, müzikaller, çokkiplilik, kiplikler arası çeviri, ortamlar arası çeviri

Intermodal and Intermedial Translation of Songs in Stage and Film Musicals: Application of an Integrated Approach in Turkish Context

Engaging with a spectrum of intermodal and intermedial translation, the primary aim of this study is to present and apply a holistic multimodal approach to song translation through which the interaction of the potential meaning of semiotic resources can be considered as a composite and indivisible whole. The focus of this study is Fiddler on the Roof, chosen because it has been translated for both stage and film musicals in Turkiye. With this purpose, we adopted a triple model which operationalized Halliday’s Systemic Functional Grammar (SFG), Kress and van Leeuwen’s integrated approach by combining textual and visual grammar, and Leeuwen’s (1999) framework of musical analysis. Our historical approach to the Turkish musical landscape proposes that translation strategies for songs in film musicals reflect a consistent pattern of choice (mainly mixed translation) arising from state-monopolized TV impositions; while in contrast, for stage musicals, the wider range of translation strategies shed light on fluctuations in multi-semiotic popular arts entertainment, caused by ideologically- and economically-driven practices. Our in-depth multimodal analysis revealed that an integrated approach can bring to the surface the potential density of interacting semiosis in the performative and narrative dimensions of musicals. These new dimensions, enabled through a multimodal analysis, require new skills, knowledge and literacies, thus, expanding the boundaries of translation studies

Keywords:

song translation, musicals, multimodality, intermodal translation, intermedial translation,

PDF

___

Altman, R. (1989). The American Film Musical. Bloomington/Indianapolis: Indiana University Press. google scholar

Alvstad, C. (2008). Illustrations and Ambiguity in Eighteen Illustrated Translations of Hans Christian Andersen’s “The Steadfast Tin Soldier”. Meta: Translators’ Journal, 53(1), 90-103. google scholar

Baldry, A., & Thibault, P. J. (2006). Multimodal transcription and text analysis: A multimedia toolkit and coursebook. London: Equinox Pub. google scholar

Bloor, T., & Bloor, M. (1995). The functional analysis of English: A Hallidayan approach. London: Arnold. google scholar

Chanan, Michael. (2013). “Preface” Helen Julia Minors (ed) (2013). Music, text and translation. London/New York: Bloomsbury, xii-xiv. google scholar

City Theather of Bornova Municipality (Performer). (2013). Damdaki Kemancı. Uğur Mumcu Kültür ve Sanat Merkezi (Uğur Mumcu Arts and Culture Centre), Izmir, Turkiye. Retrieved from https://youtu.be/-wg2eb5OlpA. google scholar

De Bruijn, P. (1993). “Turkish theatre: Autonomous entity to multicultural compound”. C. C. Barfoot and Cobi Bordewijk (eds) (1993). In Theatre Intercontinental: Forms, Functions, Correspondences. Amsterdam/Atlanta: Editions Rodopi, (pp. 175-192). google scholar

Di Giovanni, E. (2008). The American film musical in Italy: Translation and non-translation. The Translator, 14(2), 295-318. google scholar

Duygulu, M., & Ünlü, C. (n. d.). Turkiye’s Musical life during the past century: history, genres voice recordings, sectoral structure. Turkish Music Portal. Retrieved from http://www.turkishmusicportal.org/en/articles/Turkiyes-musical-life-during-the-past-century-history-genres-voice-recordings-sectoral-structure. google scholar

Eriksson, G., & Machin, D. (2017). The Role of Music in Ridiculing the Working Classes in Reality Television. In C. L. Way, & S. McKerrell (Eds.), Music as Multimodal Discourse: Semiotics, Power and Protest (pp. 21-45). London: Bloomsbury Academic. google scholar

Fowler, R. (1986). Linguistic Criticism. Oxford: Oxford University Press. google scholar

Franzon, J. (2008). Choices in song translation: Singability in print, subtitles and sung performance. The Translator, 14(2), 373-399. google scholar

Frühauf, T. (2018). Experiencing Jewish Music in America: A Listener’s Companion. New York & London: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. google scholar

Gedik, A. C. (ed) (2018). Made in Turkiye: Studies in Popular Music. New York: Routledge. google scholar

Golomb, H. (2005). Music-linked Translation (MLT) and Mozart’s operas: Theoretical, textual and practical perspectives. Gorlee, Dinda L.[Hsg.]. Song and Significance: Virtues and Vices of Vocal Translation. Amsterdam: Rodopi, 121-161. google scholar

Halliday, M. A. (1985). An Introduction to Functional Grammar. London: Arnold. google scholar

Halliday, M. A., & Hasan Ruqaia (1989). Language, Context and Text: Aspects of Language in a Social-semiotic Perspective. Oxford: Oxford University Press. google scholar

Halliday, M. A. (1994). An Introduction to Functional Grammar (Second ed.). London: Arnold. google scholar

Halliday, M. A. (2002). On Grammar. London: Continuum. google scholar

Halliday, M., & Matthiessen, C. (2004). An introduction to functional grammar. London: Routledge. google scholar

Hischak, T. (2007). Broadway Plays and Musicals. Jefferson: MacFarland. google scholar

Jewison, N. (Director). (1971). Fiddler on the Roof [Motion Picture]. Retrieved from https://www.imdb.com/title/ tt0067093/. google scholar

Jewitt, C. (2009). An introduction to Multimodality. In C. Jewitt (Ed), The Routledge handbook of multimodal analysis (pp. 14-27). Abingdon: Routledge. google scholar

Kaindi, K. (2004). Multimodality in the translation of humour in comics. In E. Ventola, C. Cassily, & M. Kaltenbac (Eds.), Perspectives on Multimodality (pp. 173-192). Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Co. google scholar

Kaindi, K. (2013). In C. Millan, & F. Bartrina (Eds.), The Routledge Handbook of Translation Studies (pp. 257-269). London: Routledge. google scholar

Kress, G., & Van Leeuwen, T. (2001). Multimodal discourse: The modes and media of contemporary communication. Oxford: Oxford University Press. google scholar

Kress, G. (2009). Multimodality: A social semiotic approach to contemporary communication. London: Routledge. google scholar

Kress, G. R., & Van Leeuwen, T. (2006). Reading images: The grammar of visual design (Second ed.). London & New York: Routledge. google scholar

Kuyucu, M. (2015). TV Broadcasting in Turkiye. The Turkish Television Audience in the Frame of Uses and Gratification Approach. Athens Journal of Mass Media and Communications, 1(4), 289-312. google scholar

Low, P. (2003). Singable translations of songs. Perspectives: Studies in Translatology, 11(2), 87-103. google scholar

Low, P. (2005). The pentathlon approach to translating songs. In D. L. Gorlee (Ed.), Song andsignificance. Virtues and vices of vocal translation (pp. 185-212). Amsterdam & New York: Rodopi. google scholar

Martinelli, M. L. (2015). Musical performance in semiotic key. In P. P. Trifonas (Ed.), International Handbook of Semitics pp. (741-758). Dordrecht: Springer. google scholar

Mateo, M. (2008) Anglo-American Musicals in Spanish Theatres. The Translator, 14(2), 319-342. google scholar

Mateo, M. (2012). Music and Translation. In Y. Gambier, & L. Van Doorslaer (Eds.), Handbook of Translation Studies (Vol. 3, pp. 115-121). Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company. google scholar

McKerrell, S., & Way, L. (2017). Understanding music as multimodal discourse. In Music as Multimodal Discourse: Media, Power and Protest, edited by Lyndon Way and Simon McKerrell, 1-20. google scholar

Okyayuz, Ş., & Dalbudak, Ş. (2018). Müzikal Filmlerin Çevirisinde Altyazı Çevirmeninin Seçenekleri Üzerine Bir İnceleme. Çeviribilim ve Uygulamaları Dergisi, 24, 61-88. google scholar

Öztürk, O. M. (2015). The conception of contemporizing music in the founding ideology of early republican Turkiye: a critical approach. In which direction is music heading: cultural and cognitive studies in Turkiye (ss. 75108). New Castle: Cambridge Scholars Publishing. google scholar

Parkinson, D. (2007). A Rough Guide to Film Musicals. New York: Rough Guides Ltd. google scholar

Ping, K. (2018). A Visual Grammar Analysis of Lesaffre’s Website. Advances in Language and Literary Studies, 9(6), 38-41. google scholar

Rossi, F., & Sindoni, M. G. (2017). Phantom of the Opera: Toward a multidimensional interpretive framework of analysis. In Sindoni, M. G. Wildfeuer, J. & O’Halloran, K. L. (Eds), Mapping Multimodal Performance Studies. New York: Routledge. google scholar

Schafer, R. M. (1977). The Tuning of the World. New York: Random House Inc. google scholar

Snell-Hornby, M. (2009). What’s in a Turn? On Fits, Starts and Writhings in Recent Translation Studies. Translation Studies, 2(1), 41-51. google scholar

Swain, J. P. (2002). The Broadway musical: A critical and musical survey. Lanham, Maryland, and Oxford: The Scarecrow Press, Inc. google scholar

Şahin Soy, Ö., & Şenol Özdemir, M. (2015). General Review of Opera Libretti Translation into Turkish. Çeviribilim Özel Bölümü II, Littera 35, 197-207. google scholar

Şahin-Soy, Ö., & Şenol, M. (2020). The Historical Journey of Opera Translation in Turkiye and its Perception by Contemporary Turkish Opera Performers. İstanbul Üniversitesi Çeviribilim Dergisi, 13, 1-22. google scholar

Van Leeuwen, T. (1999). Speech, music, sound. Macmillan International Higher Education. google scholar

Van Leeuwen, T. (2012). The critical analysis of musical discourse. Critical Discourse Studies, 9(4), 319-328. google scholar