KRİZE MÜDAHALENİN PSİKİYATRİDEKİ YERİ

: Bu yazıda krize müdahalenin kapsamı ve psikiyatrideki yeri incelenmektedir. Kriz kuramı büyük yaşamsal zorluklarla karşılaşmış sağlıklı bireylerle bağlantılı olarak oluşturulmuştur. Fakat, uygulamada psikiyatrik rahatsızlığı olan bireyleri de kapsayacak şekilde genişletilmiştir. Bu yazıda, krize müdahalenin ve kriz kuramının ne derece genişletilebileceği tartışılıp, bu konuda çeşitli merkezlerde yapılmış araştırmalar gözden geçirilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, kriz kuramının bir bütün olarak psikiyatriye yerleştirilemeyeceği, fakat gözden geçirilip ayarlanmış şekillerinin yararlı olabileceği kararına varılmıştır. Krize müdahale (KM) terimi, artık hem ruh sağlığı uzmanları, hem de ruh sağlığı hizmetleri planlayıcıları tarafından sıklıkla kullanılmaktadır. Böyle bir hizmetin planlanmasında, terimi çevreleyen karışıklıkla karşılaşılabileceği için, bu yazıda KM'nin kapsamı, karışıklığın kökenleri ve kriz kuramının (KK) psikiyatri uygulamasındaki yeri aydınlatılmaya çalışılacakt

: This paper examines the concept of crisis intervention and its relevance to psychiatric practice. Crisis theory originated in relation to healthy subjects disturbed by majör life hazards. İts application, however, has been vvidened in an uncritical manner to include patients wıth psychiatric disorders. To what extent crisis theory and intervention can be applied is discussed and relevant research on the outcome of their use in a variety of settings reviewed. İt is concluded that although crisis theory cannot be transplanted in its entirety into psychiatry, modified versions might prove useful. The role of crisis in inducing behaviour in a variety of psychiatric settings and the ways in vvhich this might be harnessed are of considerable interets and vvorthy of careful investigation

___

  • ANDREVVS G, TENNAT C (1978). Life event stress and psychiatric illness. Psychological Medicine ,8: 545-9
  • AUERBACH SM, KILMANN PR (1977) Crisis intervention: A revievv of outcome research, Psychological Bulletin 84, 1189-217
  • BALDVVIN BA (1978) A paradigm for the classification of emotional crises: Implications for crisis intervention. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry 48, 538-51.
  • BASSUK E, GERSON S (1980) Chronic crisis patients: a discrete clinical group. American Journal of Psychiatry 137: 1513-17
  • BORDOVV S, PORRITT D (1979) An experimental evaluation of crisis intervention. Social Science and Medicine 13:251-6
  • BRANDON S (1970) Crisis theory and the possibilities of therapeutic intervention. British Journal of Psychiatry 117: 627-33
  • ÇAPLAN G (1964) Principles of Preventive Psychiatry. Tavistock, London
  • CHOVVDHURY N, HICKS RC, KREITMAN N (1973) Evaluation of an aftercare service for parasuicide patients. Social Psychiatry 8: 67-81
  • CLAYTON PJ (1979) The sequelae and non-sequelae of conjugal bereavement, American Journal of Psychiatry 136: 1530-4
  • COOPER JE (1979) Crisis admission units and emergency psychiatric services. Public Health in Europe, vol. 11, VVorld Health Organization, Copenhagen
  • FALLOON IRH, BOYD JL, McGILL JL et al. (1985) Family management in the preventions of morbidity of schizophrenia: Clinical outcome of a two-year longitudinal study, Archives of General Psychiatry 42: 887-96
  • GIBBONS JS (1980) Management of self-poisoning: social work intervention, in RD.T. Farmer SR Hirsch (eds) The Suicide Syndrome, Croon Helm, London
  • GIBBONS JS, BUTLER J, URVVIN P, GIBBONS JL (1978) Evaluation of a social work service for self-poisoning patients, British Journal of Psychiatry 133: 111 -18
  • GOLDSTEIN MJ, KOPEIKIN HS (1981) Short and long-term effects of combining drug and family therapy, in M.J. Goldstein (ed.) New Developments in İntervention with Families of Schizophrenios, Jossey-Bass, London