Avusturya’dan İthal Edilen İsviçre Esmeri ve Simmental İneklerin İlk Üretim Yılındaki Hastalık İnsidensleri ve Ayıklama Sebepleri

Çalışmanın amacı, İsviçre Esmeri ve Simmental ırkı gebe düvelerin buzağılama öncesi ve sonrası dönemde karşılaştıkları hastalıkların insidenslerini ve ineklerin sürü dışı edilme sebeplerini belirlemektir. Araştırmanın materyalini Avusturya’nın Innsbruck bölgesinden Türkiye’nin batısında bulunan Manisa iline getirilen 70 baş İsviçre Esmeri ve 282 baş Simmental ırklarından inekler oluşmuştur. İsviçre Esmeri ve Simmental inekler doğum öncesinde %8,57 ve %9,57 oranlarında değişik hastalıklar ile karşılaşmışlar, %16,67 ve %81,48 oranlarında tedavi başarısı elde edilmiştir. Buzağılama sonrası dönemde İsviçre Esmerlerinin hastalanma oranı %75,39 olurken, Simmental ineklerin oranı %64,26 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Sindirim ve genital sistem problemleri buzağılama öncesinde, genital sistem ve meme problemleri buzağılama sonrasında daha yoğun olarak ortaya çıkmıştır. Buzağılama öncesi dönemde Simmental ineklerin tedavi başarısı daha yüksek olurken (P<0,05), buzağılama sonrasında her iki ırktan ineklerin tedavi başarı oranları birbirine yakın bulunmuştur. İsviçre Esmeri ineklerin %7,14’ü buzağılama öncesinde, %23,08’i buzağılama sonrasında değişik sebeplere bağlı olarak sürü dışı edilmiştir. Simmentallerde ayıklama oranı buzağılama öncesinde %1,77 ve buzağılama sonrasında %14,08 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Genel olarak, Simmental ineklerin hastalıklara karşı daha dirençli olmuşlar, uygulanan tedaviye daha yüksek oranda pozitif yanıt vermişler ve daha az oranda ayıklamaya tabi tutulmuşlardır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Sığır, Simental, İsviçre Esmeri, Hastalık, Adaptasyon

Causes of Culling and Disease Incidences At First Production Year of Imported Brown Swiss and Simmental Cows From Austria

The purpose of this study is to determine the disease incidences and the causes of culling of Brown Swiss and Simmental cows before and after calving. The study material was consisted of 70 Brown Swiss and 282 Simmental pregnant heifers. 8.57% and 9.57% of Brown Swiss and Simmental cows had various diseases before calving, and the treatment success rates were 16.67% and 81.48%. After calving, the disease incidences of Brown Swiss cows was 75.39%, and the disease incidences of Simmental cows was 64.26%. While digestion and Genital diseases were more common before calving, Genital and udder problems were more common after calving. Simmental cows had a higher rate of treatment success before calving (P<0.05). Both breeds had similar rates of treatment success after calving. 7.14% of Brown Swiss cows were culled before calving, and 23.08% were culled after calving due to various reasons. For Simmental cows, the culling rate was 1.77% before calving and 14.08% after calving. Simmental cows were more disease-resistant, responded more positively to treatment and had a lower culling rate than Brown Swiss cows.

Keywords:

Simmental, Brown Swiss, Disease, Culling, Adaptation,

PDF

___

Ansari-Lari M, Mohebbi-Fani M, Rowshan-Ghasrodashti A. Causes of culling in dairy cows and its relation to age at culling and interval from calving in Shiraz, southern Iran. Veterinary Research Forum. 2012; 3, 4: 233-237.
Broom DM. The effects of land transport on animal welfare. Rev. Sci. Tech. Off. Int. Epiz. 2005; 24, 2: 683-691.
Dinç A. Reproductive Performance Parameters of Dairy Cows. 4. Herd Health Symposium. 2016; 25-28 May 2016, Antalya, 111-128.
Ferguson JD, Skidmore A. Reproductive performance in a select sample of dairy herds. J. Dairy Sci. 2013; 96: 1269-1289.
Fetrow J, Nordlund KV, Norman HD. Culling: Nomenclature, definition and recommendations. J. Dairy Sci. 2006; 89: 1896-1905.
Hagiya K, Yamazaki T, Nagamine Y, Togashi K, Yamaguchi S, Gotoh Y, Kawahara T, Masuda Y, Suzuki M. Genetic correlations between production and disease traits during first lactation in Holstein cows. The Animal Consortium. 2014; 8, 2: 217–223.
Koeck A, Loker S, Miglior F, Kelton DF, Jamrozik J, Schenkel F. Genetic relationships of clinical mastitis, cystic ovaries, and lameness with milk yield and somatic cell score in first-lactation Canadian Holsteins. J. Dairy Sci. 2014; 97: 5806-5813.
Maher P, Good M, More SJ. Trends in cow numbers and culling rate in the Irish cattle population, 2003 to 2006. Irish Vet. J. 2008; 61, 7: 455-463.
Maizon DO, Oltenacu PA, Gröhn YT, Strawderman RL, Emanuelson U. Effects of diseases on reproductive performance in Swedish red and white dairy cattle. Preventive Vet. Med. 2004; 66: 113-126.
Municipality of Manisa (Date of access: 20.03.2017) (http://www.manisa.bel.tr/s23_manisa-cografyasi.aspx)
Pinedo PJ, De Vries A, Webb DW. Dynamics of culling risk with disposal codes reported by dairy herd improvement dairy herds. J. Dairy Sci. 2010; 93: 2250-2261.
Schöpke K, Weidling S, Pijl R, Swalve HH. Relationships between bovine hoof disorders, body condition traits, and test-day yields. J. Dairy Sci. 2013; 96: 679–689.
Seegers H, Beauddeau F, Fourichon C, Bareille N. Reasons for culling in French Holstein cows. Preventive Vet. Med. 1998; 36: 257-271.
Sharifi H, Kostoulas P, Bahonar A, Bokaie S, Vodjgani M, Hangdoost AA, Karamouzian M, Foroushani AR, Leontides L. Effect of health disorders on the hazard of culling on the first or second lactation in Iranian dairy herds. Preventive Vet. Med. 2012; 109: 144-147.
SPSS. Statistical Package For The Social Sciences, Release 10.0. 1999, SPSS Inc. IL, Chicago, USA.
Stanton AL, Kelton DF, Leblanc SJ, Wormuth Leslie KE. The effect of respiratory disease and a preventative antibiotic treatment on growth, survival, age at first calving, and milk production of dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 2011; 95: 4950–4960.
Stojic P, Beskorovajni R, Pantelic V, Novakovic Z, Kovacevic S, Stanojevic D. Causes for culling first calving cows on farms with different levels of production. Biotechnology In Animal Husbandry. 2013; 29, 2: 259-267.
Yin T, Bapst B, Von Borstel UU, Simianer H, König S. Genetic analyses of binary longitudinal health data in small low input dairy cattle herds using generalized linear mixed models. Livestock Sci. 2014; 162: 31-41.