Tanrısal Ön Bilgi-Özgür İrade Sorunu: Ockhamcı Çözüm

Tanrısal ön bilgi-özgür irade sorununa ilişkin Ockhamcı çözümler, 1960’lı yıllardan 1990’lı yıllara kadar analitik din felsefesi çevrelerinde önemli bir yer tutmuştur. Bu çalışmada, Ockhamlı William’ın (1287-1347) geleceğe ilişkin olumsal önermeler ve tanrısal ön bilgi-özgür irade sorununa ilişkin görüşlerine kısaca değinildikten sonra, çağdaş analitik din felsefesinde tanrısal ön bilgi-özgür irade sorununa ilişkin Ockhamcı çözüm olarak adlandırılan görüş ve buna ilişkin tartışmalar ele alınacaktır. Bu kapsamda Ockhamcı çözüm olarak savunulan görüşlerin tanrısal ön bilgi ile insan özgür iradesini bağdaştırma açısından başarısız olduğu gösterilecektir. Ayrıca, Ockhamcı çözümlerin geleceğe ilişkin olumsal önermeler konusunda varsaydığı görüşün karşılaştığı metafiziksel sorun ortaya konacak ve bu sorunun, tanrısal ön bilgi ile özgür iradeyi bağdaştırmaya yönelik herhangi bir girişim açısından sorun oluşturduğu vurgulanacaktır.

The Problem of Divine Foreknowledge and Free Will: Ockhamist Solution

Ockhamist solutions concerning the problem of divine foreknowledge and free will had an important place between 1960’s and 1990’s in contemporary analytic philosophy of religion circles. In this work, after briefly presenting William of Ockham’s (1287-1347) views on future contingent propositions and on the problem of divine foreknowledge and free will, Ockhamist solutions to the problem of divine foreknowledge and free will in the contemporary analytic philosophy of religion and contentions about them will be discussed. Within this framework, it will be demonstrated that Ockhamist solutions fail to reconcile divine foreknowledge and human free will. Moreover, metaphysical problem encountered by the view on the future contingents which is presupposed by Ockhamist solutions will be presented, and it will be emphasized that this problem poses a challenge to any attempt to reconcile divine foreknowledge and free will.

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