“Fermanü’s-Sultan boş beyne’l-Ekrad”: Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’nun Doğusunda Şakiler, Hırsızlar ve Batılı Seyyahlar

Osmanlı İmparatorluğunda şakiler merkezden uzak ve devlet otoritesinin sınırlı olduğu bölgelerde yoğunlaşmıştır. Osmanlı Kürdistan’ı gibi coğrafyanın dağlık ve toplumsal düzenin aşiret temelli olduğu yerlerde eşkıyalık devlet ve toplum tarafından düzenin bir parçası olarak kabul görmüştür. İmparatorluğun içindekiler kadar dışından gelen Batılı seyyahlar da bu durumu bölgenin düzeni olarak kabul etmiş ve farklı yöntemlerle bununla baş etmeye çalışmışlardır. Kimisi bunu korkunç bir durum, kimisi ustaca icra edilen bir meslek, kimisi bölgenin kanunu ve raconu, kimisi Kürdistan’da yaşayanların kişiliğinin bir parçası, kimisi ise yegane geçim kaynağı olarak görmüştür. Eşkıyalarla yolları kesişsin veya kesişmesin Batılı seyyahlar bir şekilde onların hikâyelerini, biraz da mizah ve heyecan katarak, seyahatnamelerinde aktarmış ve imparatorluğun izole olmuş bölgelerindeki bu toplulukların sesini duyulur hale getirmişlerdir.

“Fermanü’s-Sultan boş beyne’l-Ekrad”: Bandits, Robbers and Western Travelers in the East Ottoman Kurdistan

Bandits in the Ottoman Empire were mostly located in regions far away from the capital where the state authority was limited. In regions like Ottoman Kurdistan where the geography is dominated by mountains and the society is based on tribal system, the banditry was accepted by the state and society as a part of the daily life. Like the inhabitants of the empire, the outsiders, especially the Western travelers, recognized the banditry as part of the daily life in this region and tried to deal with this in different ways. Some perceived this as a dreadful situation, some as a skillfully performed métier, some as a rule and procedure of the region, some as a part of the character of people in Kurdistan, whereas some others as the only means of livelihood. Crossing their path or not, Western travelers have narrated stories of bandits with some wit and sensation in their travelogues and made the voice of these groups, who inhabited in the isolated corners of the empire, heard.

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