Farklı konsantrasyonlardaki çeşitli yangın geciktirici kimyasalların kontrplakların formaldehit emisyonu üzerine etkisi

Özet Çalışmanın amacı: Emprenyeli levhalar, kontrplak piyasasında geniş bir yer edinmelerine rağmen, bazı ahşap koruyucularla emprenye işlemi, yapışma kusurları, emprenye sonrası kimyasal atıklarından dolayı oluşan çevre kirliliği gibi bazı problemlere sebep olduğu bilinmektedir. Ahşap esaslı levhalardan açığa çıkan formaldehit, iç mekanların hava kalitesinde etkili olan başka bir problemdir. Bu çalışmada, yangın geciktirici kimyasallar ile emprenye edilmiş kontrplak levhalarının formaldehit emisyonu miktarlarının araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Çalışma alanı: Bu çalışma, Trabzon’daki Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi Orman Endüstri Mühendisliği Bölümü Pilot tesisinde yapılmıştır.Materyal ve Yöntem: Kavak, kızılağaç ve sarıçam (Pinus sylvestris L.) kaplamalar, kontrplak için kullanılmıştır. Çinko borat, monoamonyum fosfat ve amonyum sülfat, yangın geciktirici olarak kullanılmıştır. Kaplama levhaları, %5, 7 ve 10 olmak üzere üç farklı çözelti konsantrasyonu seçilmiş ve daldırma yöntemi kullanılarak emprenye edilmiştir. Kontrplak levhalarının formaldehit emisyonu miktarları, DIN EN 717-3 standardında belirlenen şişe yöntemine göre belirlenmiştir.Sonuçlar: Çinko borat ile emprenye edilmiş kaplamalardan üretilen kontrplak levhalardan açığa çıkan formaldehit kontrol gruplarından daha yüksek bulunmuştur ve emisyon değerlerinin, konsantrasyon arttıkça arttığı belirlenmiştir. En düşük formaldehit emisyon değerleri, monoamonyum fosfat ve amonyum sülfat ile emprenye edilmiş levhalardan elde edilmiştir ve emisyon değerlerinin, konsantrasyon arttıkça azaldığı belirlenmiştir. Araştırma vurguları: Yüksek direnç özelliklerinin aranmadığı bazı kullanım yerlerinde, formaldehit emisyonunu azaltmak için yangın geciktirici kimyasallarla (monoamonyum fosfat ve amonyum sülfat) emprenye edilen kaplamalardan üretilen kontrplak levhaları kullanılabilir.

Effect of Various Fire Retardant Chemicals in Different Concentrations on Formaldehyde Emission of Plywood

AbstractAim of study: Although treated panels make up a large portion of the plywood market, treatment with some wood preservatives has been known to cause some problems such as bonding failures besides the environmental pollution related to the disposal of chemicals after treatment. Formaldehyde release from wood based panels is also another problem regarding the indoor air quality. In the present study, it was aimed to investigate the formaldehyde emission contents of plywood panels treated with fire retardant chemicals.Area of study: This study was conducted at the Pilot Facility of Department of Forest Industry Engineering, Karadeniz Technical University in Trabzon, Turkey.Material and Methods: Poplar, alder and Scots pine veneers were used to produce plywood. Zinc borate, monoammonium phosphate and ammonium sulfate were used as fire retardant chemicals. The veneer sheets were treated with immersion method and chosen three different concentrations as 5%, 7% and 10% aqueous solutions. Urea formaldehyde (UF) glue resin was used as adhesive. Formaldehyde emission contents of plywood panels were determined according to flask method described in DIN EN 717-3 standard.Main results: It was found that formaldehyde release from panels produced with the veneers treated with zinc borate were higher than those of control panels and the emission values increased when the concentration increased. The lower formaldehyde emission values were obtained for monoammonium phosphate and ammonium sulfate treated panels and the emission values decreased when the concentration increased. Research highlights: In some usage areas where high strength properties are not expected, plywood panels manufactured from veneers treated with the fire retardant chemicals (monoammonium phosphate and ammonium sulfate) may be used for reducing formaldehyde release.

Keywords:

Formaldehyde emission, Plywood Concentration, Fire retardant, Urea formaldehyde,

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