İçme Suyu Kaynaklarının Klor ve Klor Dioksit ile Dezenfeksiyonu Sonucu Meydana Gelen Dezenfeksiyon Yan Ürünleri Oluşumunun Araştırılması: İstanbul Örneği

Bu çalışmada içme suyu kaynaklarının klor (Cl2) ve klor dioksit (ClO2) ile oksidasyonu sonucu meydana gelen sırası ile trihalometan (THM), klorit (ClO2 -) ve klorat (ClO3 -) gibi dezenfeksiyon yan ürünleri (DYÜ) araştırılmıştır. Bu çalışmada analiz edilen su örnekleri İstanbul’un içme suyu kaynakları olan Terkos Gölü (TRG), Büyükçekmece Gölü (BÇG) ve Ömerli Baraj (ÖLB) sularından toplanmıştır. Su örnekleri Cl2 ve ClO2 ile oksitlenerek verilen reaksiyon süreleri sonunda meydana gelen THM oluşumları tespit edilmiştir. TRG, BÇG ve ÖLB su örneklerinde doğal organik madde (DOM) içeriği ise toplam organik karbon (TOK), 254 nm’deki ultraviyole absorban (UV254) ve spesifik ultraviyole absorban (SUVA) parametrelerinin ölçümleri ile ortaya konulmuştur. Klorlanan su numunelerinde 24 saatlik reaksiyon süresi sonunda ve oda sıcaklığında (25 oC) ölçülen en yüksek THM konsantrasyonu (235,65 μg/l) TRG ham sularında gözlemlenmiştir. Cl2 ile oksitlenen sulardaki THM miktarlarında artış meydana gelirken ClO2 ile oksitlenen su numunelerinde ise azalma trendi gözlenmiştir. Diğer yandan bu çalışmada su örneklerinin ClO2 ile oksitlenmesi sonucu meydana gelen ClO2 - ve ClO3 - gibi inorganik yan ürünlerin oluşumları değerlendirilmiştir. ClO2 - ve ClO3 - oluşum yüzdeleri sırası ile TRG’de %68,51-%13,21, BÇG’de %61,05-%12,28 ve ÖLB’de ise %69,87-%15,67 olarak tespit edilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Klor dioksit, klorlama, trihalometan, klorit, klorat

Investigation of Disinfection By-Products Formation in Disinfection of Drinking Water Sources with Chlorine and Chlorine Dioxide: Istanbul Case Study

In this study, formation of disinfection byproducts (DBPs), namely, trihalomethane (THM) during chlorine (Cl2) and chlorine dioxide (ClO2) oxidizing was investigated with reference to key controlling parameters. Terkos Lake Water (TRG), Büyükçekmece Lake Water (BÇG) and Ömerli Dam (OLB) were used as drinking water source in present study. Water samples were oxidized with Cl2 and ClO2 doses at the end of given reaction times to observe the formation of THMs in water sources. The structures of natural organic matter (NOM) in TRG, BÇG and ÖLB samples were revealed to the organic parameters, namely, total organic carbon (TOC), ultraviole absorbance at 254 nm wavelength (UV254) and specific ultrviole absorbance (SUVA). Among to the chlorinated drinking water sources, the highest THM concentration was observed as (235,65 μg/l) in TRG samples with dose of Cl2 (10 mg/l) at the end of reaction time of 24 h. Altough THM amounts increased in waters oxidized with Cl2, the trend of decreasing THM amounts with oxidized ClO2 was observed. On the other hand, formation of inorganic DBPs such as chlorate (ClO3 -) and chlorite (ClO2 -) was evaluated during ClO2 oxidizing. ClO2 - and ClO3 - levels were determined as 68,51%-13,21% for TRG, 61,05% -12,28% for BÇG and 69,87% -15,67% for OLB.

Keywords:

Chlorine dioxide Chlorination, Trihalomethane, Chlorite, Chorate, İstanbul,

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