Ulusal Güvenlik ve İstihbarat Sisteminde Geleneksel Anlayıştan Modern ve Değişen İhtiyaçlar Dönemine Geçiş

Bir milletin, güvenli ve iyi koşullarda yaşamını sürdürebilmesi için, ilgili devletin dış

Transition from Traditional Understanding in the National Security and Intelligence System to the Period of Modern and Changing Needs

It is critically important to the nation’s well being that how states’ foreign, defense,and other national security policies are developed, coordinated and implemented. Thisprocess begins with the national agencies responsible for national security andintelligence, culminate with the decision making authorities within the country. Toperform such a critic function, the decision makers need a defined and smoothlyfunctioning policy development and decision-making process. It is evaluated thatbetter to produce laws or regulations directing how policy decisions should be madeother than an extremely broad outline of who should participate in the process, sincemuch depends upon personalities, and the strengths and weaknesses of the people whowork in the intelligence sector, as well as the personality and management style of thedecision makers themselves. This article provides an alternative approach to thenational security decision-making process of the governments and furthermoreanalyzes how the process may be evolved. It describes the current national securityorganizational structures and processes and including intelligence analyzersparticularly also defines the roles of the key departments and agencies, furthermore,when necessary, discusses how the interagency process is incorporating the relativelynew organizational structures associated with security bodies of the state.

___

  • Balcı, M. Kasım (2000). MGK ve Demokrasi; Hukuk, Ordu, Siyaset, Yöneliş Yayınları.
  • Beck, U. (2005).World Risk Society; Towards a New Modernity, SAGE Publications, Londra.
  • Booth, K. (2007). Theory of World Security, Cambridge University Press.
  • Davutoğlu, A. (2001). Stratejik Derinlik: Türkiye’nin Uluslararası Konumu, Küre Yayınları, İstanbul.
  • Fukuyama, F. (2005). Devlet İnşası, 21’nci Yüzyılda Dünya Düzeni ve Yönetişim, Remzi Kitap, İstanbul.
  • Giddens, A. (1998). Modernliğin Sonuçları, Çev. Ersin Kuşdil, Ayrıntı Yayınları İstanbul.
  • Kent, S. (2003). Stratejik İstihbarat, Çev. Yasemin Ö zbek, Nazlım Şüküroğlu- Arıca, Avrasya Stratejik Araştırmalar Merkezi Yayınları, Ankara.
  • Rousseau, J.J. (2006). Toplum Sözleşmesi, İş Bankası Yayınları, İstanbul.
  • Shulsky, A. N. ve Schmitt, G. J. (1993). Silent Warfare, Washington DC. Brassey’s.
  • Aksu, M. (2012). Faruk Turhan, “Yeni Tehditler, Güvenliğin Genişleme Boyutları ve İnsani Güvenlik”, Uluslararası Alanya İşletme Fakültesi Dergisi Cilt: 4, Sayı: 2.
  • Anayasa Mahkemesinin 16 Kasım 2016 tarihli R.G. 22 Kasım 2016 29926 kararı.
  • Buzan, B. (1991). New Patterns of Global Security in the Twenty-First Security, International Affairs, Vol.67/3
  • Brauch, H.G. (2008). Güvenliğin Yeniden Kavramsallaştırılması: Barış, Güvenlik, Kalkınma ve Çevre Kavramsal Dörtlüsü, Uluslararası İlişkiler, Cilt 5, Sayı 18.
  • Buzan, B. (1991). People, States and Fear: An Agenda for International Security Studies in the Post-Cold War Era, Boulder: Lynne Rienner Publication.
  • Buzan, B. (1998). Ole Waever, and Jaap de Wilde, Security; A New Framework for Analysis, Boulder Colo. Lynene Rienner Publication.
  • Dunn, M. Nisan (2009). Cavelty and Victor Maumer, Post Modern Intelligence: Strategic Warning in an Age of Reflexive Intelligence, Security Dialogue, Vol.40 No.2.
  • Küçükşahin, A. Aralık, (2006). Güvenlik Bağlamında, Risk ve Tehdit Kavramları Arasındaki Farklar Nelerdir ve Nasıl Belirlenmelidir?, Harp Akademileri Stratejik Araştırmalar Enstitüsü Güvenlik Stratejileri Dergisi, Yıl;2 sayı;4.
  • Eker, S. (2015). Savaş Olgusunun Dönüşümü: Yeni Savaşlar ve Suriye Krizi Örneği, Türkiye Ortadoğu Çalışmaları Dergisi, Turkish Journal of Middle Eastern Studies, Cilt: 2, Sayı: 1, s.44
  • FBI: (2015). Protecting the Homeland in the 21st Century, Report of the Congressionallydirected 9/11 Review Commission to The Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation by Commissioners; Bruce Hoffman, Edwin Meese III, Timothy J. Roemer.
  • Gönen, M. A. (Ağustos 2013). Küreselleşmenin Ekonomik Boyutu Küreselleşmeyi Yöneten Ü ç Ana Kurum: IMF, Dünya Bankası, Dünya Ticaret Ö rgütü, SDÜ Fen Edebiyat Fakültesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi Sayı:29.
  • Harasim, L. (1993). Global Networks: Computers & International Communications, MIT Press, Londra.
  • Hobbes, T. (2007).Leviathen; Bir Din ve Dünya Devletinin İçeriği Biçimi ve Karakteri, Çev. Semih Lim, Yapı Kredi Yayınları.
  • Hulnick, A.S. (2005). Indications and Warning for Homeland Security; Seeking a New Paradigm, International Journal of Intelligence and Counter Intelligence 18/4.
  • Hobbes, T. (1988).On the Citizen, edited and translated by Richard Truck and Michael Silverthorne, Cambridge University Press.
  • Laquer, W. (1987).World of Secrets; the Uses and Limits of Intelligence, Weibenfeld and Nicholson Twentieth Century Book, London.
  • Mallik, A. (2004). Technology and Security in the 21st Century a Demand-Side Perspective, SIPRI (Stockholm International Peace Institute) Research Report No.20, Oxford University Press.
  • Mumford, A. April/May, (2013). Proxy Warfare and the Future of Conflict, RUSI Journal, C. 158 NO. 2.
  • Neary, P.C. (Mart 2010). The Post-9/11 Intelligence Community: Intelligence Reform, 2001- 2009; Requiescat in Pace, Studies in Intelligence, Vol.54 No.1.
  • Power, M. (2004).Risk Management of Everything; Rethinking the Politics of Uncertainity, London.
  • Richelson, J. (1989). The US Intelligence Community, (2.Baskı), Massachusetts, Ballinger Publishing Company.
  • Roger Z. George, James B. Bruce, (2008). Analyzing Intelligence: Origins, Obstacles, and Innovations, Georgetown University Press, Washington, DC..
  • Schelling, T.C. (1966). Preventable Disasters; Why Governments Fail?, Savage MD; Littlefield.
  • Segell, G.M. (2005). Intelligence Methodologies applicable to the Madrid Train Bombings 2004, International Journal of Intelligence and Counter-intelligence 18(2), s.221
  • Shulsky, A. (1993). Silent Warfare Understanding the World of Intelligence, Washington, Brassey’s.
  • Waltz, K.N. (1979).Theory of International Politics, Mc Grew Hill.
  • Warner, M. (2002).Wanted a Definition of Intelligence, Studies in Intelligence, Vol.46 No.3.
  • Zegart, A. B. Spring, (2005).September 11 and the Adaptation Failure of US Intelligence Agencies, International Security, Vol.29 No.4.
  • Zohar, E. (2013). Intelligence Analysis as a Manifestation of a Grounded Theory, International Journal of Intelligence and Counter Intelligence, 26:1.
  • Davis, J. Sherman Kent and the Profession of Intelligence Analysis, The Sherman Kent Center for Intelligence Analysis Occasional Papers: Volume 1, Number 5. https://www.cia.gov/library/kent-center-occasional-papers/pdf/OPNo5.pdf , (erişim tarihi: 10 Eylül 2016)
  • Dulles, A.W. (2006). The Craft of Intelligence; America's Legendary Spy Master on the Fundamentals of Intelligence Gathering for a Free World, Lyons Press, Connecticut, s. 238 http://www.mit.gov.tr/tarihçe/giris.html
  • James, H. Hansen Soviet Deception in the Cuban Missile Crisis; Learning from the Past, CIA web page, https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/csipublications/ csi-studies/studies/vol46no1/article06.html (erişim tarihi 26 Kasım 2016).
  • Joint Publication 2-01 Joint and National Intelligence Support to Military Operations, 2004, s.III-1 online erişim; https://fas.org/irp/cia/product/facttell/intcycle.htm, http://www.mit.gov.tr/t-cark.html, erişim tarihi: 10 ocak 2017
  • Mercado, S.C. Sailing the Sea of OSINT in the Information Age; A Venerable Source in a New Era,https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/csipublications/ csi-studies/studies/vol48no3/article05.html (erişim tarihi 17 Temmuz 2016).
  • Nye, J. Analist Dergisi Mülakatlar, Haziran 2014, http://www.analistdergisi.com/sayi/2014/06/joseph-nye (erişim tarihi 09 Aralık 2016)
  • Robinson, P. Media as a Driving Force in International Politics: The CNN Effect and Related Debates, 8 October 2013, http://www.globalpolicyjournal.com/blog/08/10/2013/media-driving-forceinternational- politics-cnn-effect-and-related-debates (erişim tarihi; 02 Ocak 2017).
  • Sinai, J. (2007). Quatitative Models and Foresight, In Center for Security Studies, ed. workshop report of Global Futures Forum; Emerging Threats in the 21st Century, Seminar 2; Sense-making and warning how to understand and anticipate emerging threats, Zurich http://www.css.ethz.ch/content/dam/ethz/special-interest/gess/cis/center-forsecurities- studies/pdfs/Emerging-Threats-final.pdf (erişim tarihi; 22 Mayıs 2016)