PUTİN İKTİDARI DÖNEMİNDE RUS DIŞ POLİTİKASININ NORMATİF TEMELLERİ: "EGEMEN DEMOKRASI" SÖYLEMİ

Sovyetler Birliği'nin dağılması ile başlayan süreçte Rusya Federasyonu'nun izlediği dış politikada genelde Putin'in iktidara geldiği 2000'li yıllardan başlayarak "Putinizm" kavramıyla adlandırılan bir değişim gözlemlenmektedir. Rus dış politikası, her ne kadar Putin'in iktidar döneminde "pragmatik" diye tanımlanmaktaysa da Atlantikçilikten Avrasyacılığa evrilerek "Egemen Demokrasi" kavramı temelinde ideolojik olarak yeniden bina edilmeye başlanmıştır. "Egemen Demokrasi" ekseninde gerçekleşen entelektüel tartışmaların Rus dış politika söyleminde yansımasını daha fazla Rusya Federasyonu Dış Politika Konsepti'nde yerini bulduğunu ve Rusya' nın reelpolitiğinde Batı, özellikle ABD ve küreselleşme karşıtı politikaların meşruiyet kaynağını oluşturduğu dikkat çekmektedir. Çalışmamızda, Rusya Federasyonu'nun dış politika pratiğini bir yandan diğer yandan ise Batı ile ilişkilerini kavramamızda yardımcı olacağı düşünülen "Egemen Demokrasi" kavramının entelektüel ve konseptüel boyutları analiz edilecektir. "Egemen Demokrasi" söyleminin analizi, Rus dış politikasının sosyolojik olarak bina edildiği Rus kimliğinin inşa ve yeniden yapılandırılması sürecinde güncel olarak gelinen noktadaki durumu da ontolojik olarak kavramamızı sağlayacaktır. Çalışmada gerektiğinde sınırlı olarak Rusya'nın reelpolitiğine başvurulacak bununla birlikte söz konusu söylemin reelpolik ile doğrulanması söz konusu olmayacaktır

Normative Basis of the Russian Foreign Policy Discourse during the Putin Period: The "Sovereign Democracy" Discourse

Many important changes were to be observed in the Russian Federation's foreign policy in the period starting with the collapse of the Soviet Union especially since 2000's with the Putin's coming to power; those changes are mentioned as "Putinism". Although the Russian foreign policy is still defined as pragmatic during the Putin's rule period, it is ideologically constructed on the basis of the concept of "Sovereign Democracy" that is a new page in the post-Soviet identity construction process evolving from Antlantisisme to Eurasianisme. The intellectual debates on the "Sovereign Democracy" are introduced in the Russian foreign policy discourse essentially through the Russian Federation Foreign Policy Concept. The concept constitutes in the same time the source of loyalty of the Russian reelpolitik towards the West especially the USA and of the Russian anti-globalist policies. The aim of this paper is to analyze the intellectual, normative an conceptual dimensions of the "Sovereign Democracy" phenomena that could serve to conceive on the one hand the foreign policy practice of the Russian Federation and on the other hand its dialectical relationships with the West in the circumstances of globalization. The critical discourse analysis of the "Sovereign Democracy" could allow us to better understand the current state in the Russian foreign policy's identity construction process. We will refer sometimes to the Russian reelpolitik in our study but the validity of this discourse will not be verified by the praxis. In this respect our research will be limited to the recent construction of the Russian foreign policy identity through the "Sovereign Democracy" discourse during the Putin's rule period

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