Çalışanların Yaşadıkları Mobbing ve Rol Belirsizliğinin Performanslarına Etkilerinin İncelenmesi: Lojistik Firmalarında Bir Araştırma

Yapılan araştırmalar kapsamında örgütler çalışanlarını yeteneklerine ve uzmanlıklarına göre konumlandırdıklarında, bu durum çalışanların performansına ve verimliliklerine olumlu yönde katkı sağlayabilmektedir. Ancak çalışanlara baskı uygulanmaya başlandığında, sahip oldukları bilgi birikimlerinin dışında görev ve sorumluluklar verildiğinde çalışanlarda örgütden ayrılma isteği oluşmaya başlamaktadır. Yani, mobbing ve rol belirsizliğinin olduğu durumlarda, kontrolü kaybeden bireyler, görevlerini yerine getirirken kendilerini baskı altında hissetmekte ve istemiyerek çalışmaktadırlar. Bu durum çalışanların işlerine olan tutkularını da yok etmektedir. Verilerin analiz edilmesinde SPSS 25 ve AMOS programları kullanılmıştır. Analizlerde öncelikle faktör ve güvenirlilik analizi yapılmış olup, bu analizlerden sonra değişkenler arasındaki ilişkilerin incelenmesinde korelasyon analizi, hipotezlerin test edilmesinde regresyon analizi yapılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda mobbing ve rol belirsizliği, çalışanların işten ayrılma niyetlerini ortaya çıkarmakta ve performanslarını düşürebilmektedir. Araştırma modeli kapsamında hizmet sektöründe (lojistik firmaları) faaliyetde bulunan kurumlardaki 321 çalışandan veriler toplanarak mobbing, rol belirsizliği, işten ayrılma niyeti ve çalışan performansı arasındaki ilişkiler ve etkiler incelenmiştir.

Examining the Effects of Mobbing and Role Uncertainty on the Performance of the Employees: Research in Logistics Companies

Within the scope of the researches, when organizations position their employees according to their abilities and expertise, this can contribute positively to the performance and productivity of the employees. However, when the pressure is put on the employees, when the duties and responsibilities are given out of their knowledge, the desire to leave the organization starts to emerge. In other words, in cases of mobbing and role ambiguity, individuals who lose control feel themselves under pressure and unwillingly work while performing their duties. This situation also destroys the passion of the employees for their jobs. SPSS 25 and AMOS programs were used to analyze the data. Firstly, factor and reliability analysis were performed in the analyzes, and after these analyzes, correlation analysis was performed to examine the relationships between variables, and regression analysis was performed to test hypotheses. As a result of the research, mobbing and role uncertainty reveal employees' intention to leave and decrease their performance. Within the scope of the research model, data were collected from 321 employees in institutions operating in the service sector (logistics companies), and the relationships and effects between mobbing, role uncertainty, intention to leave and employee performance were examined.

___

  • Acevedo, B. P., Aron, E. N., Aron, A., Sangster, M. D., Collins, N. and Brown, L. L. (2014), “The highly sensitive brain: an fMRI study of sensory processing sensitivity and response to others' emotions”, Brain and behavior, 4(4), 580-594.
  • Andresen, M., Bergdolt, F., Margenfeld, J. and Dickmann, M. (2014), “Addressing international mobility confusion–developing definitions and differentiations for self-initiated and assigned expatriates as well as migrants”, The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 25(16), 2295-2318.
  • Aydın, O. and Öcel, H. (2009), “İşyeri zorbalığı ölçeği: geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması”, Türk Psikoloji Yazıları, 12(24), 94-103.
  • Bandalos, D. L. and Finney, S. J. (2018), “Factor analysis: Exploratory and confirmatory”, In The reviewer’s guide to quantitative methods in the social sciences (pp. 98-122). Routledge.
  • Bhanugopan, R. and Fish, A. (2006), “An empirical investigation of job burnout among expatriates”, Personnel Review, 35(4), 449-468.
  • Bhaskar-Shrinivas, P., Harrison, D. A., Shaffer, M. A. and Luk, D. M. (2005), “Input-based and time-based models of international adjustment: Meta-analytic evidence and theoretical extensions,” Academy of management Journal, 48(2), 257-281.
  • Bhatti, M. A., Kaur, S. and Battour, M. M. (2013), “Effects of individual characteristics on expatriates' adjustment and job performance”, European Journal of Training and Development, 37(6), 544-563.
  • Bogossian, F., Winters‐Chang, P. and Tuckett, A. (2014), “The Pure Hard Slog That Nursing Is: A Qualitative Analysis of Nursing Work”, Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 46(5), 377-388.
  • Branch, S., Ramsay, S. and Barker, M. (2013), “Workplace bullying, mobbing and general harassment: A review”, International Journal of Management Reviews, 15(3), 280-299.
  • Burritt, R. L. and Schaltegger, S. (2010), “Sustainability accounting and reporting: fad or trend?”, Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal, 23(7), 829-846.
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2011), “Sosyal Bilimler için Veri Analizi El Kitabı”, Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
  • Cadman, T., Maraseni, T., Breakey, H., López-Casero, F. and Ma, H. (2016), “Governance values in the climate change regime: Stakeholder perceptions of REDD+ legitimacy at the national level”, Forests, 7(10), 212.
  • Chen, S., Westman, M. and Hobfoll, S. E. (2015), “The commerce and crossover of resources: Resource conservation in the service of resilience”, Stress and Health, 31(2), 95-105.
  • Christ, K. L. and Burritt, R. L. (2015), “Material flow cost accounting: a review and agenda for future research”, Journal of Cleaner Production, 108, 1378-1389.
  • Christian, M. S., Garza, A. S. and Slaughter, J. E. (2011), “Work engagement: A quantitative review and test of its relations with task and contextual performance”, Personnel psychology, 64(1), 89-136.
  • Christiano, L. J., Motto, R. and Rostagno, M. (2014), “Risk shocks”, American Economic Review, 104(1), 27-65.
  • Cohen, J., Cohen, P., West, S. G. and Aiken, L. S. (2013), “Applied multiple regression/correlation analysis for the behavioral sciences”, Routledge.
  • Çokluk, Ö., Şekercioğlu, G. and Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2018), “Sosyal bilimler için çok değişkenli istatistik: SPSS ve LISREL uygulamaları”, Pegem Atıf İndeksi, 001-414.
  • Demerouti, E. and Peeters, M. C. (2018), “Transmission of reduction‐oriented crafting among colleagues: A diary study on the moderating role of working conditions”, Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 91(2), 209-234.
  • Demerouti, E., Bakker, A. B. and Gevers, J. M. (2015), “Job crafting and extra-role behavior: The role of work engagement and flourishing”, Journal of Vocational Behavior, 91, 87-96.
  • Duffy, M. and Sperry, L. (2011), “Mobbing: Causes, consequences, and solutions”, Oxford University Press.
  • Einarsen, S. and Raknes, B. I. (1997), “Harassment in the workplace and the victimization of men”, Violence and victims, 12(3), 247.
  • Einarsen, S., Hoel, H. and Notelaers, G. (2009), “Measuring exposure to bullying and harassment at work: Validity, factor structure and psychometric properties of the Negative Acts Questionnaire-Revised”, Work & Stress, 23(1), 24-44.
  • Erigüç, K. G. (1994), “Hastanelerde personelin işle ilgili tutumları personel devri: Ankara İli örneği”, Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi, Hacettepe Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara.
  • Gerstenberg, F. X. (2012), “Sensory-processing sensitivity predicts performance on a visual search task followed by an increase in perceived stress”, Personality and Individual Differences, 53(4), 496-500.
  • Gilchrist, S. and Jae, W. (2014), “Sim, and Egon Zakrajšek. Uncertainty, financial frictions, and investment dynamics.” No. w20038.
  • Gogtay, N. J. and Thatte, U. M. (2017), “Principles of correlation analysis”, Journal of the Association of Physicians of India, 65(3), 78-81.
  • Gorgievski, M. J., Moriano, J. A. and Bakker, A. B. (2014), “Relating work engagement and workaholism to entrepreneurial performance”, Journal of Managerial Psychology.
  • Hakanen, J. J. and Schaufeli, W. B. (2012), “Do burnout and work engagement predict depressive symptoms and life satisfaction? A three-wave seven-year prospective study”, Journal of affective disorders, 141(2-3), 415-424.
  • Halbesleben, J. R. and Wheeler, A. R. (2008), “The relative roles of engagement and embeddedness in predicting job performance and intention to leave”, Work & Stress, 22(3), 242-256.
  • Hoag, B. G., Ritschard, H. V. and Cooper, C. L. (2002), “Obstacles to effective organizational change: The underlying reasons”, Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 23(1), 6-15.
  • Imamura, K., Kawakami, N., Inoue, A., Shimazu, A., Tsutsumi, A., Takahashi, M. and Totsuzaki, T. (2016), “Work engagement as a predictor of onset of Major Depressive Episode (MDE) among workers, independent of psychological distress: a 3-year prospective cohort study”, PloS one, 11(2).
  • Ingledew, D. K., Hardy, L. and Cooper, C. L. (1997), “Do resources bolster coping and does coping buffer stress? An organizational study with longitudinal aspect and control for negative affectivity”, Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 2(2), 118.
  • Keith, T. Z. and Reynolds, M. R. (2018), “Using confirmatory factor analysis to aid in understanding the constructs measured by intelligence tests”
  • Kim, T. Y., Lee, D. R. and Wong, N. Y. S. (2016), “Supervisor humor and employee outcomes: The role of social distance and affective trust in supervisor”, Journal of Business and Psychology, 31(1), 125-139.
  • Lewis, G. J. and Harvey, B. (2001), “Perceived environmental uncertainty: The extension of Miller’s scale to the natural environment”, Journal of Management Studies, 38(2), 201-234.
  • Leymann, H. (1993), “Mobbing-Psychoterror am Arbeitsplatz und Wie Man Sich Dagegen Wehren Kann,(Mobbing-Psychological Terror at Work, and How One Can Defend Oneself)”, Rowohlt.
  • Leymann, H. (1996), “The content and development of mobbing at work”, European journal of work and organizational psychology, 5(2), 165-184.
  • Leymann, H. and Gustafsson, A. (1996), “Mobbing at work and the development of post-traumatic stress disorders”, European Journal of work and organizational psychology, 5(2), 251-275.
  • Leymann, H. and Zapf, D. (Eds.). (1996), “Mobbing and victimization at work (No. 2)”, Psychology Press.
  • Maslach, C. (2011), “Engagement research: Some thoughts from a burnout perspective”, European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 20(1), 47-52.
  • Matyók, T. and Schmitz, C. L. (2010), “A story to tell: Bullying and mobbing in the workplace”, International Journal of Business and Social Science, 1(3), 87-97.
  • Mobley, W. H., Horner, S. O. and Hollingsworth, A. T. (1978), “An evaluation of precursors of hospital employee turnover”, Journal of Applied psychology, 63(4), 408.
  • Naktiyok, A. (2004), “İç girişimcilik”, İstanbul: Beta Yayınları.
  • Oreg, S. (2006), “Personality, context, and resistance to organizational change”, European journal of work and organizational psychology, 15(1), 73-101.
  • Orr, L. M. and Orr, D. J. (2014), “Eliminating Waste in Business: Run Lean, Boost Profitability”, Apress.
  • Örücü, E. and Özafşarlıoğlu, S. (2013), “Örgütsel Adaletin Çalışanların İşten Ayrılma Niyetine Etkisi: Güney Afrika Cumhuriyetinde Bir Uygulama/The Influence of Organizational Justice on the Turnover Intention: A Study in the Republic of South Africa”, Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 10(23), 335-358.
  • Park, J., Yoon, S., Moon, S. S., Lee, K. H. and Park, J. (2017), “The effects of occupational stress, work-centrality, self-efficacy, and job satisfaction on intent to quit among long-term care workers in Korea”, Home health care services quarterly, 36(2), 96-111.
  • Petrou, P., Demerouti, E., Peeters, M. C., Schaufeli, W. B. and Hetland, J. (2012), “Crafting a job on a daily basis: Contextual correlates and the link to work engagement”, Journal of Organizational Behavior, 33(8), 1120-1141.
  • Pienaar, J. (2008), “12 Skeleton key or siren song: is coping the answer to balancing work and well-being?”, The individual in the changing working life, 235.
  • Polat, M. and Meydan, C. H. (2010), “Örgütsel özdeşleşmenin sinizm ve işten ayrılma niyeti ile ilişkisi üzerine bir araştırma”, Savunma Bilimleri Dergisi, 9(1), 145-172.
  • Qureshi, M. I., Iftikhar, M., Janjua, S. Y., Zaman, K., Raja, U. M. and Javed, Y. (2015), “Empirical investigation of mobbing, stress and employees’ behavior at work place: quantitatively refining a qualitative model”, Quality & Quantity, 49(1), 93-113.
  • Rahman, S. U. and Bullock, P. (2005), “Soft TQM, hard TQM, and organisational performance relationships: an empirical investigation”, Omega, 33(1), 73-83.
  • Rich, B. L., Lepine, J. A. and Crawford, E. R. (2010), “Job engagement: Antecedents and effects on job performance”, Academy of management journal, 53(3), 617-635.
  • Ritchie, W., Brantley, B. I., Pattie, M., Swanson, B. and Logsdon, J. (2015), “Expatriate Cultural Antecedents and Outcomes: An Assessment Tool for Nonprofit Managers”, Nonprofit Management and Leadership, 25(3), 325-342.
  • Rizzo, J. R., House, R. J. and Lirtzman, S. I. (1970), “Role conflict and ambiguity in complex organizations”, Administrative science quarterly, 150-163.
  • Rodrigue, M., Magnan, M. and Boulianne, E. (2013), “Stakeholders’ influence on environmental strategy and performance indicators: A managerial perspective”, Management Accounting Research, 24(4), 301-316.
  • Rongen, A., Robroek, S. J., Schaufeli, W. and Burdorf, A. (2014), “The contribution of work engagement to self-perceived health, work ability, and sickness absence beyond health behaviors and work-related factors”, Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 56(8), 892-897.
  • Ruzungunde, V. S., Murugan, C. and Hlatywayo, C. K. (2016), “The influence of job stress on the components of organisational commitment of health care personnel in the Eastern Cape province South Africa”, International Business & Economics Research Journal (IBER), 15(5), 219-226.
  • Salanova, M., Agut, S. and Peiró, J. M. (2005), “Linking organizational resources and work engagement to employee performance and customer loyalty: the mediation of service climate”, Journal of applied Psychology, 90(6), 1217.
  • Şehitoğlu, Y. and Zehir, C. (2010), “Türk kamu kuruluşlarında çalışan performansının, çalışan sessizliği ve örgütsel vatandaşlık davranışı bağlamında incelenmesi”, Amme İdaresi Dergisi, 43(4), 87-110.
  • Shallcross, L., Ramsay, S. and Barker, M. (2013), “Severe workplace conflict: The experience of mobbing”, Negotiation and Conflict Management Research, 6(3), 191-213.
  • Shimazu, A., Schaufeli, W. B., Kamiyama, K. and Kawakami, N. (2015), “Workaholism vs. work engagement: The two different predictors of future well-being and performance”, International journal of behavioral medicine, 22(1), 18-23.
  • Siu, O. L., Cheung, F. and Lui, S. (2015), “Linking positive emotions to work well-being and turnover intention among Hong Kong police officers: The role of psychological capital”, Journal of Happiness Studies, 16(2), 367-380.
  • Sökmen, A. and Mete, E. S. (2016), “Bezdirinin İş Performansi, İş Tatmini Ve İşten Ayrilma Niyeti Üzerindeki Etkisi: Ankara’da Bir Araştirma”, Gazi Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 17(3), 271-295.
  • Sonnentag, S. (2011), “Research on work engagement is well and alive”, European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 20(1), 29-38.
  • Thomas, J. R., Nelson, J. K. and Silverman, S. J. (2015), “Research methods in physical activity”, Human kinetics.
  • Thomas, R. and Hardy, C. (2011), “Reframing resistance to organizational change”, Scandinavian Journal of Management, 27(3), 322-331.
  • Warr, P. (1987), “Work, unemployment, and mental health”, Oxford University Press.
  • Warr, P. (1994), “A conceptual framework for the study of work and mental health”, Work & Stress, 8(2), 84-97.
  • Wrzesniewski, A. and Dutton, J. E. (2001), “Crafting a job: Revisioning employees as active crafters of their work”, Academy of management review, 26(2), 179-201.
  • Xanthopoulou, D., Bakker, A. B., Demerouti, E. and Schaufeli, W. B. (2009), “Work engagement and financial returns: A diary study on the role of job and personal resources”, Journal of occupational and organizational psychology, 82(1), 183-200.