Abeer F. EL NAHAS, Shymaa S. BELAL, Shawky MAHMOUD, Mohamed A. HELAL, Ahlam E. YONIS

Survey on the Presence of the Mx and MHC Resistance Alleles to Avian Influenza Virus Infection Compared with its Outbreaks Among Chicken Breeds in Egypt

A parallel survey for the incidence of AI in chicken breeds in Egypt including 12 breeds was performed, together with the screening for the presence of their Mx and MHC alleles. Four years’ worth of records of occurrences AI types extending from 2014 to 2017 were used. Also genotyping for the 310 birds under the study using PCR, RFLPs and DNA sequencing was performed. The Baldi (native) chickens were the most affected with all types of AI, especially H5 and H9. In addition, AI was observed in the commercial broilers rather than the layers. Regarding the Mx genotypes, although the only detected genotype was the resistance one (Mx/A+) among the Baldi, Cobb and Ross, they were the most affected with AI. Regarding the MHC haplotypes, neither the B21 (resistance allele to highly pathogenic AI [HPAI]) nor B13 (susceptible allele) was detected among the studied birds. The homozygous genotypes B4/B4 and B11/B11 were the most common, and new MHC alleles were recorded. We recommend recording the names of chicken breeds in AI outbreaks, which will facilitate identification of susceptible breeds in AI outbreaks rather than experimental infection. Further study should be carried out on the most affected breeds with AI to explore their role in the disease epidemiology and whether it is recommended to limit their use during winter, when AI outbreaks occur.

Kanatlı İnfluenza Virus Enfeksiyonunda Mx ve MHC Dayanıklı Allellerinin Mevcudiyeti ve Mısır’daki Tavuk Cinslerindeki Salgınlarla Karşılaştırılması

Bu çalışmada, Mısır’da toplam 12 tavuk cinsinde Kanatlı İnfluenza insidansı ile birlikte Mx ve MHC allellerinin varlığı araştırıldı. Çalışmada, 2014 ile 2017 yılları arasındaki dört yıllık periyotta meydana gelen Kanatlı İnfluenza vakaları kullanıldı. PCR, RFLP ve DNA sekans analizi kullanılarak 310 tavuğun genotiplendirilmesi gerçekleştirildi. Baldi (yerel) tavukları H5 ve H9 başta olmak üzere tüm kanatlı influenza tiplerinden en çok etkilenen idi. Ayrıca, Kanatlı influenzası ticari broiler tavuklarda yumurtacılardan daha ziyadesi ile gözlemlendi. Mx genotipi ile ilgili olarak, Baldi, Cobb ve Ross cinsleri arasında dirençli olan tek genotip (Mx/A+) olmakla beraber, bu cinsler kanatlı influenzasından en çok etkilenenlerdi. MHC haplotipi ile ilgili olarak, ne B21 (oldukça patojenik Kanatlı İnfluenza dayanıklı allel) ne de B13 (duyarlı allel) çalışmadaki kanatlılar arasında tespit edildi. Homozigot genotipler B4/B4 ve B11/B11 en yaygın olup yeni MHC allelleri de belirlendi. Kanatlı İnfluenza salgınlarında tavuk cinslerinin adlarının kayıt edilmesi deneysel enfeksiyonlardan daha ziyadesi ile salgınlarda duyarlı cinslerin belirlenmesinde faydalı olacaktır. Kanatlı influenzasına en duyarlı cinslerin tespitine yönelik ileri çalışmalara hastalığın epidemiyolosindeki rolünün açığa çıkarılması amacıyla ihtiyaç duyulmakta olup bu cinslerin hastalık salgınlarının meydana geldiği kış aylarında kullanımının kısıtlanması tavsiye edilebilir.

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