Semen Characteristics and Cardiac Enzymes in Healthy Male Cats Fed with Commercial Cat Food Containing Yucca schidigera
Bu çalışma, erkek kedilerde fekal kokuyu azaltmak amacıyla ticari kedi mamalarına bir yem katkı maddesi olarak kullanılan Yucca schidigera ekstraktının (YSE) kardiyovasküler enzimler, testosteron ve spermatolojik özellikler üzerindeki etkisini incelemek için dizayn edilmiştir. Onsekiz adet sağlıklı erkek kedide, kedilerde kardiyovasküler değerlendirme için "altın standart" olarak bilinen biyobelirtec kardiyak troponin I (cTnI), kreatin kinaz-MB (CK-MB), total kolesterol ve trigliserid düzeyleri incelendi. cTnI düzeyi YSE içermeyen beslenmeden önce 0.16±0.03 ng/ml bulundu. Bu değer YSE ilavesi ile beslendikten sonra 0.20±0.04 ng/ml olarak tespit edildi. Benzer şekilde, 12 hafta boyunca beslenme sonrası kardiyovasküler veya lipidik parametrelerde istatistiksel fark olmadığı gözlendi. Testosteron düzeyi YSE içermeyen beslemeden önce 0.29±0.01 ng/ml olarak saptandı. YSE ile beslendikten sonra ise 0.21±0.02 ng/ml olarak bulundu. (P>0.05). Buna karşın, YSE ile beslenme sonrası spermatolojik incelemelerde spermatozoon anomalilerinde önemli oranda bir azalma ile birlikte sperm motilitesinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir artış saptandı. Ortalama sperma hacmi, konsantrasyon, motilite ve toplam spermatozoon anomalileri YSE içermeyen beslenmeden önce sırasıyla; 118.61±8.55 µL, 197.78±12.83x106/ml, 83.33±1.06% ve 27.22±1.33% olarak saptandı. Bu değerler YSE ile beslendikten sonra sırasıyla; 213.06±21.29 ul, 300.56±16.59x106/ml, %90.00±1.07 ve %18.67±0.59 olarak bulundu. Bu değerler arasındaki fark istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bulundu (P
Yucca schidigera İçeren Ticari Kedi Mamaları ile Beslenen Sağlıklı Erkek Kedilerde Sperma Özellikleri ve Kardiyak Enzim Analizleri
This study has been designed to examine the effect on cardiovascular enzymes, testosterone and semen characteristics of the Yucca schidigera extract (YSE), used as a feed additive in commercial cat food for the purpose of decreasing faecal odour in male cats. In eighteen healthy male cats, while the biomarker cardiac troponin I (cTnI), known as the "gold standard" for cardiovascular assessment in cats was used, creatin kinase-MB (CK-MB), total cholesterol and triglyceride levels were also investigated as aiding parameters. The level of cTnI was 0.16±0.03 ng/ml before feeding without YSE. It was found 0.20±0.04 ng/ml after feeding with YSE. Similarly, results of the study demonstrated that there was no difference statistically in cardiovascular or lipidic parameters after feeding on this type of cat food for 12 weeks. The level of testosterone was 0.29±0.01 ng/ml before feeding without YSE. It was found 0.21±0.02 ng/ml after feeding with YSE. (P>0.05). Therefore, semen analysis revealed a statistically significant increase in sperm motility alongside a significant decrease in sperm abnormalities. The mean volume, concentration, motility and total sperm defect rates were 118.61±8.55 µl, 197.78±12.83x106/ml, 83.33±1.06% and 27.22±1.33% before feeding without YSE, respectively. These values were 213.06±21.29 µL, 300.56±16.59x106/ml, 90.00±1.07% and 18.67±0.59% after feeding with YSE, respectively. The differences between these values were statistically significant (P<0.001). It was concluded at the end of the study that the commercial cat food containing Yucca schidigera extract could be beneficial effects of the sperm volume, concentration, motility and total morphological defect rates in healthy male cats.
___
- Joy PP, Thomas J, Mathew S, Skaria BP: Medicinal plants. In, Bose TK, Kabir J, Das P, Joy PP (Eds): Tropical Horticulture. 449-632, Naya Prokash, Calcutta, India, 2001.
- Viegi L, Pieroni A, Guarrera PM, Vangelisti R: A review of plants used in folk veterinary medicine in Italy as basis for a databank. J Ethnopharmacol, 89, 221-244, 2003. DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2003.08.003
- McGaw LJ, Eloff JN: Ethno veterinary use of southern African plants and scientific evaluation of their medicinal properties. J Ethnopharmacol, , 559-574, 2008. DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2008.06.013
- Cakir S, Yalcin S: Factors on the egg cholesterol levels. J Lalahan Anim Res Inst, 44 (1): 51-63, 2004.
- Williams CA, Lamprecht ED: Some commonly fed herbs and other functional foods in equine nutrition: A review. Vet J, 178, 21-31, 2008. DOI: 1016/j.tvjl.2007.06.004
- Bianchini A, Stratton J, Weier S, Cano C, Garcia LM: Use of essential oils and plant extracts to control microbial contamination in pet food products. J Food Proc Technol, 5, 1-9, 2014. DOI: 10.4172/2157- 1000357
- Sen S, Makkar HPS, Muetzel S, Becker K: Effect of Quillaja saponaria saponins and Yucca schidigera plant extract on growth of Escherichia coli. Lett Appl Microbiol, 27, 35-38, 1998. DOI: 10.1046/j.1472-765X. 00379.x
- EC (European Commission): Regulation 1831 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 September 2003 on additives for use in animal nutrition. Official Journal of European Union Legislation, /29, 2003.
- Lowe JA, Kershaw SJ, Taylor AJ, Linforth RST: The effect of Yucca Schidigera extract on canine and feline faecal volatiles occurring concurrently with faecal aroma amelioration. Res Vet Sci, 63, 67-71, 1997. DOI: 10.1016/S0034-5288(97)90160-0
- Piacente S, Pizza C, Oleszek W: Saponins and phenolics of Yucca schidigera Roezl: Chemistry and bioactivity. Phytochem Rev, 4, 177-190, DOI: 10.1007/s11101-005-1234-5
- Katsunuma Y, Nakamura Y, Toyoda A, Minato H: Effect of Yucca schidigera extract and saponins on growth of bacteria isolated from animal intestinal tract. Anim Sci J, 71, 164-170, 2000. DOI: 10.2508/ chikusan.71.164
- Kaya S, Erdogan Z, Erdogan S: Effect of different dietary levels of Yucca schidigera powder on the performance, blood parameters and egg yolk cholesterol of laying quails. J Vet Med A, 50, 14-17, 2003. DOI: 1046/j.1439-0442.2003.00487.x
- Földesiova M, Balázi A, Chrastinová L, Sirotkin A, Chrenek P: Yucca schidigera and its effect on rabbit reproduction. J Microbiol Biotechnol Food Sci, 3 (3): 253-254, 2013.
- Akishita M, Hashimoto M, Ohike Y, Ogawa S, Lijima K, Eto M, Yasuyoshi Ouchi Y: Low testosterone level as a predictor of cardiovascular events in Japanese men with coronary risk factors. Atherosclerosis, 210, 236, 2010. DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2009.10.037
- Baran A, Sahin BE, Evecen M, Demir K, Ileri IK: Use of Spermac® staining technique in the determination of acrosomal defects in cat semen. Turk J Vet Anim Sci, 28 (3): 519-525, 2004.
- Aazami MH, Tahmasbi AM, Ghaffari MH, Naserian AA, Valizadeh R, Ghaffari AH: Effects of saponins on rumen fermentation, nutrients digestibility, performance, and plasma metabolites in sheep and goat kids. Annual Rev Res Biol, 3 (4): 596-607, 2013.
- Khalifa EI, Hassanien HAM, Mohamed AH, Abdel-El-Magied A: Effects of using Yucca schidigera powder as feed additive on productive and reproductive efficiency of zaraibi dairy goats. Egyptian J Sheep Goat Sci, 9 (2): 9-21, 2014.
- Mardalena M, Warly L, Nurdin E, Rusmana WSN, Farizal F: Milk quality of dairy goat by giving feed supplement as antioxidant source. J Ind Trop Anim Agr, 36 (3): 205-211, 2011.
- Aslani MR, Maleki M, Mohri M, Sharifi K, Najjar-Nezhad V, Afshari E: Castor bean (Ricinus communis) toxicosis in a sheep flock. Toxicon, 49, 406, 2007. DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2006.10.010
- Ingebrigtsen K: Main plant poisonings in livestock in the Nordic countries. In, Bioactive compounds in plants - Benefits and risks for man and animals. Norwegian Acad Sci Lett, 30-43, 2010.
- Herndon WE, Kittleson MD, Sanderson K, Drobatz KJ, Clifford CA, Gelzer A, Summerfield NJ, Linde A, Sleeper MM: Cardiac troponin I in feline hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. J Vet Int Med, 16, 558-564, 2002. DOI: 1111/j.1939-1676.2002.tb02387.x
- Sleeper MM, Clifford CA, Laster LL: Cardiac troponin I in the normal dog and cat. J Vet Int Med, 15, 501-503, 2001. DOI: 10.1111/j.1939- 2001.tb01582.x
- Baker JO, Reinhold J, Redwood S, Marber MS: Troponins: Redefining their limits. Heart, 97, 447-452, 2011. DOI: 10.1136/hrt.2010.205617
- Gunes V, Ozcan K, Citil M, Onmaz AC, Erdogan HM: Detection of myocardial degeneration with point-of-care cardiac troponin assays and histopathology in lambs with white muscle disease. Vet J, 184, 376- , 2010. DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2009.03.001
- Varga A, Schober KE, Holloman CH, Stromberg PC, Lakritz J, Rings DM: Correlation of serum cardiac troponin I and myocardial damage in cattle with monensin toxicosis. J Vet Int Med, 23, 1108-1116, 2009. DOI: 1111/j.1939-1676.2009.0355.x
- La Vecchio D, Marin LM, Baumwart R, Iazbik MC, Westendorf N, Couto CG: Serum cardiac troponin I concentration in retired racing greyhounds. J Vet Int Med, 23, 87-90, 2009. DOI: 10.1111/j.1939- 2008.0237.x
- Tunca R, Sozmen M, Erdogan H, Citil M, Uzlu E, Ozen H, Gokce E: Determination of cardiac troponin I in the blood and heart of calves with foot-and-mouth disease. J Vet Diag Invest, 20 (5): 598-605, 2008.
- Holbrook TC, Birks EK, Sleeper MM, Durando M: Endurance exercise is associated with increased plasma cardiac troponin I in horses. Equine Vet J, 36, 27-31, 2006. DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.2006.tb05508.x
- Balázi A, Földesiová M, Chrastinová L, Sirotkin AV, Chrenek P: Effect of herbal additive Yucca on rabbit spermatozoa characteristic. J Microbiol Biotechnol Food Sci, 2 (Special Issue) 1829-1837, 2013.
- Uematsu Y, Hirata K, Saito K, Kudo I: Spectrophotometric determination of saponin in yucca extract used as food additive. J AOAC Inter, 83 (6): 1451-1454, 2000.