OSMAN YAŞAR TEL, Oktay KESKİN, Abuzer K. ZONTURLU, Asiye DAKMAN, Nafiz YURDAYDIN

Şanlıurfa bölgesi’nde atlarda Taylorella equigenitalis’in kültür ve PCR yöntemi ile saptanması

Bu çalışmada Şanlıurfa bölgesi’nde bulunan 180 kısrak ve 20 aygır olmak üzere toplam 200 adet safkan Arap atından alınan 780 adet svab örneği incelendi. Alınan örnekler kültür, direkt-PCR ve kültür-PCR yöntemleriyle değerlendirildi. Svab örneklerinin bakteriyolojik muayeneleri sonucunda Taylorella equigenitalis izole edilemedi. Moleküler inceleme sonucunda, direkt-PCR ile 5 (%2.7) kısrakta, kültür-PCR ile 8 (%4.4) kısrakta pozitiflik saptandı. Direkt PCR ve kültür PCR ile 5 kısrak pozitif bulunurken, 3 kısrak sadece kültür-PCR ile pozitif olarak saptandı. Sağlıklı kısraklar ve aygırlarda pozitiflik belirlenmedi. Sonuç olarak, Şanlıurfa yöresinde T. equigenitalis’in sorun olduğu ve PCR metodunun kültür yöntemine göre daha üstün ve rutin teşhiste uygulanabilir bir test olduğu kanısına varıldı.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Taylorella equigenitalis, Türkiye, bakteriyoloji, saptama, teşhis, tanı teknikleri, hastalık yaygınlığı, hastalık tetkiki, kısrak, polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu, aygır, Şanlıurfa

Detection of Taylorella equigenitalis in Horses by means of bacteriological culture and PCR in Sanliurfa Region, Turkey

In this study; swab samples (n: 780) of mares (n: 80) and stallions (n: 20) were analyzed in total of 200 througbred Arabian Horses from Sanliurfa Region. The samples were analysed by culture, direct PCR and culture-PCR methods. Taylorella equigenitalis was notisolated after bacteriological examination of swab samples. Following molecular analyses; 5 (2.7% of mares) and 8 (4.4% mares) positive samples were found by direct PCR and culture-PCR, respectively. While five mares were positive by direct PCR and culture-PCR, three mares were only positive by culture-PCR. No T. equigenitalis detection was found in health mares and stallions. As a result; T. equigenitalis is a problem in Sanliurfa region. PCR method is more sensitive than culture and it can be used for routine diagnosis.

Keywords:

Taylorella equigenitalis, Turkey, bacteriology, detection, diagnosis, diagnostic techniques, disease prevalence, disease surveys, mares, polymerase chain reaction, stallions, Sanliurfa,

PDF

___

1. Eaglesome MD, Garcia MM: Contagious equine metritis: A review. Can Vet J, 20, 201-206, 1979.
2. Hughes JP: Contagious equine metritis: A review. Theriogenology, 11 (3): 209-216, 1978.
3. Özgur YN, Eguchi M, Anzai T, İkiz S, Ilgaz A: İnfertil ya da endometritisli kdsraklarda rutin contagious equine metritis (CEM) taramalardnda pasif hemaglutinasyon (PHA) testi ve ELISA'ndn karşdlaştdrdlmasd ve değerlendirilmesi. Türk J Vet Anim Sci, 25, 989-994, 2001.
4. Parlevliet JM, Bleumink-Pluym NMC, Houwers DJ, Remmen JLAM, Slujiter FJH, Colenbrander B: Epidemiologic aspects of Taylorella equigenitalis. Theriogenology, 47, 11691177, 1997.
5. Crowhurst RC: Genital infection in mares. Vet Rec, 100, 476, 1977.
6. Timoney PJ, Ward J, Kelly P: A contagious genital infection of mares. Vet Rec, 101, 103, 1977
7. Ozgur NY, Ikiz S, Yilmaz H, Akay O, Ilgaz A, Kilicarslan R, Çarioglu B: Contagious equine metritis in Turkey: First isolation of Taylorella equigenitalis from mares. Vet Rec, 149, 120-122, 2001.
8. Swerczek TW: The first occurrence of contagious equine metritis in the United States. J Am Vet Med Assoc, 173, 405407, 1978.
9. Timoney PJ, Strickland KL: CEM in the Republic of Ireland. Vet Rec, 111, 400-401, 1982.
10. World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE): Manual of Diagnostic Tests and Vaccines for Terrestrial Animals (Mammals, Birds and Bees) 6th ed. Vol. 1&2. Paris, 2008.
11. Timoney PJ, Shin SJ, Lein DH, Jacobson RH: Transmibility of the contagious, equine metritis organism for the cat. Comp Immun Microbiol Infect Dis, 7, 131-140, 1984.
12. Timoney PJ, O’Reilly PJ, McArdle JF, Ward J, Harrington AM: Contagious equine metritis: Experimental infection in the donkey. Vet Microbiol, 10, 259-268, 1985.
13. Aydin N, Paracikoğlu J: Veteriner Mikrobiyoloji. İlke-Emek Matbaacılık ve Yayınlar, Ankara, 2006.
14. Matsuda M, Moore JE: Recent advances in molecular epidemiology and detection of Taylorella equigenitalis associated with contagious equine metritis (CEM). Vet Microbiol, 97, 111-122, 2003.
15. Samper JC, Tibary A: Disease transmission in horses. Theriogenology, 66, 551-559, 2006.
16. Anzai T, Eguchi M, Sekizaki T, Kamada M, Yamamoto K, Okuda T: Development of a PCR test for rapid diagnosis of contagious equine metritis. J Vet Med Sci, 61, 1287-1292, 1999.
17. Anzai T, Wada R, Okuda T, Aoki T: Evaluation of field application of PCR in the eradication of contagious equine metritis from Japan. J Vet Med Sci, 64, 999-1002, 2002.
18. Bleumink-Pluym NMC, Werdler MEB, Houwers DJ, Parlevliet JM, Colenbrander B, Van Der Zejist BAM: Development and evaluation of PCR test for detection of Taylorella equigenitalis. J Clin Microbiol, 32, 893-896, 1994.
19. Buckley TC, Milar BC, Egan CL, Gibson P, Cosgrove H, Stanbridge S, Matsuda M, Moore JE: A two-step species- specific 16S rRNA PCR assay for the detection of Taylorella equigenitalis in horses. Irish Vet J, 58, 146-149, 2005.
20. Chanter N, Vigano F, Collin NC, Mumford JA: Use of a PCR assay for Taylorella equigenitalis applied to samples from United Kingdom. Vet Rec, 143, 225-227, 1998.
21. Duquesne F, Pronost S, Laugier C, Petry S: Identification of Taylorella equigenitalis responsible for contagious equine metritis in equine genital swabs by direct polymerase chain reaction. Res Vet Sci, 82 (1): 47-49, 2007.
22. Premanandh J, George LV, Wernery U, Sasse J: Evaluation of newly developed real time PCR for the detection of Taylorella equigenitalis and discrimination from T. asigenitalis. Vet Microbiol, 95, 229-237, 2003.
23. Quinn PJ, Carter ME, Markey BK, Carter GR: Clinical Veterinary Microbiology. Harcourt Publishers Limited, Spain, 1999.
24. Koneman EW: Koneman's Color Atlas and Textbook of Diagnostic Microbiology. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Sixth ed. Philadelphia, 2006.
25. Katz JB, Evans LE, Hutto DL, Schoreder-Tucker LC, Carew AM, Donahue JM, Hirsh DC: Clinical, bacteriologic, serologic, and pathologic features of infections with atypical Taylorella equigenitalis in mares. JAVMA, 216, 1945-1948, 2000.
26. Yurdaydin N, Erdeğer J, Tekin N, Daşkin A, Keskin O, Klug E: Atlarda infertiliteye neden olan mikroflorandn saptanmasd. Etlik Vet Mikrobiyol Derg, 7 (2): 93-107, 1992.
27. Sevinç A, İstanbulluoğlu E, Yurdaydin N, Çelebi M: Çifteler Arap aygdrlardndn spermatolojik özellikleri, spermalardndaki bakteriyel flora ve dölverimleri üzerinde araştdrmalar. Doğa Bil Derg, 8, 288-293, 1984.
28. Özgür NY, Ilgaz A, Yilmaz H, Kiliçarslan R: İnfertilite sorunu olan kısrakların vajinal akıntılarının mikrobiyolojik incelemesi. İstanbul Univ Vet Fak Derg, 20 (2-3): 341-345, 1994.
29. Ak S, Hasöksüz M, Horoz H, Kiliçarslan MR, Minbay A, İleri İK: İnfertilite problemi olan kdsraklarda uterus ve aygdrlarda sperma mikroflorasının incelenmesi. Türk Mikrobiyol Cem Derg, 25, 149-154, 1995.
30. Ülgen M, Seyrek-İntaş K, Kocabiyik L, Uzman M: Infertilite problemi olan atlarda bakteriyolojik incelemeler. Uludag Univ J Fac Vet Med, 20, 61-65, 2001.
31. Erdeğer J, Akan M, Altay G, Demirel M: Atlarda infertiliteye neden olan Taylorella equigenitalis’in bakteriyolojik ve serolojik tandsd. Ankara Univ Vet Fak Derg, 49, 39-44, 2002.
32. Zdovc I, Ocepek M, Gruntar I, Pate M, Klobuar I, Krt B: Prevalence of Taylorella equigenitalis infection in stallions in slovenia: Bacteriology compared with PCR examination. Equine Vet J, 37, 217-221, 2005.
33. Keskin O, Öngör H, Çetin H, Çetinkaya B, Rişvanli A: Şanlıurfa ve çevresindeki safkan Arap kısraklarda Taylorella equigenitalis’in PCR tekniği ile araştırılması. Türk Veteriner Jinekoloji Kongresi, pp. 146-147, Konya, 2003.