Monitoring of Some Anthelmintics Against Gastrointestinal Nematodes in Sheep and Implications of Resistance in Barani Region, Pakistan

The widespread prevalence of gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) infections has an important impact on livestock affcting of meat, milk, traction and manure in tropical and sub-tropical areas. The present study was aimed to monitor the efficacy of commonly available anthelmintic drugs at publicly owned sheep farms. The sheep naturally infected with nematodes were selected, aged between 10 to 18 months, for field efficacy trial. Selected sheep were divided into five groups (15 animals each group) based on their equal egg per gram (EPG) and body weight. Group-I served as control (untreated), while Group-II was treated with albendazole at the recommended rate of 8.8 mL/100 kg of body weight by oral drench, Group-III was treated with levamisole at the rate of 4.4 mL per 100 kg body weight, Group-IV was treated with ivermectin, 200 µg of ivermectin per kilogram of body weight and Group-V was treated with mixture of levamisole and ivermectin at the rate of 10 mg/kg by injecting subcutaneous, respectively. The results revealed that the highest efficy rate (88.25%) was observed in sheep treated with mixture of levamisole and ivermectin, followed by ivermectin (86.43%), levamisole (81.32%), and albendazole (51.11%), respectively. The data has indicated that nematodes (Haemonchus contortus as the predominant species followed by Trichostrongylus colubriformis, Trichostrongylus axei and Oesophagostomum columbianum) might have developed resistance against the major anthelmintic drugs, encountered throughout this trial. Overall results showed that anthelmintic resistance resulted because non-judicial use anthelmintic drugs without considering the epidemiological knowledge related to occurrence of commonly nematode parasites.

Pakistan’ın Barani Bölgesi’nde Koyunlarda Mide-Bağırsak Nematodlarına Karşı Bazı Antelmintiklerin Etkisi ve Direncin İzlenmesi

Gastrointestinal nematod (GIN) enfeksiyonlarının yaygın olması, tropik ve subtropikal bölgelerdeki çiftlik hayvanlarında et, süt, iş gücü ve gübre kayıplarına yol açması bakımından önemlidir. Bu çalışmada, halka elindeki koyun çiftliklerinde yaygın olarak kullanılan antelmintik ilaçların etkinliğinin izlenmesi amaçlandı. Nematodlarla doğal enfekte 10 ile 18 aylık yaştaki koyunlar, bu çalışma için seçildi. Seçilen koyunlar gram başına çıkardıkları yumurtalar (EPG) ve vücut ağırlığına göre beş gruba (her grupta 15 hayvan) ayrıldı. Grup-I kontrol olarak ayrıldı (tedavi edilmedi), Grup-II oral sonda ile önerilen dozu olan 8.8 mL/100 kg vücut ağırlığı oranında albendazol ile tedavi edilirken, Grup-III 100 kg vücut ağırlığı başına 4.4 mL oranında levamizol ile tedavi edildi, Grup-IV, kilogram başına 200 µg ivermektin ve Grup-V ise levamizol ile ivermectin karışımı ile 10 mg/kg dozda subkutan olarak uygulandı. Sonuçlar, en yüksek etkinlik oranının (%88.25), levamizol ve ivermektin karışımı ile muamele edilen koyunlarda, ardından da ivermektin (%86.43), levamizol (%81.32) ve albendazol (%51.11) uygulanan grupların takip ettiğini gösterdi. Veriler, nematodların Haemonchus conttortus, dominant tür, Trichostrongylus colubriformis, Trichostrongylus axei ve Oesophagostomum columbianum ana anthelmintic ilaçlara karşı direnç geliştirebileceğini göstermiştir. Genel sonuçlar, antelmintik direncin, epidemiyolojik bilgileri dikkate almadan rastgele kullanılan antelmintik ilaçların kullanılmasından kaynaklandığını göstermiştir.

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