Emin KARAKURT, Serpil DAĞ, Ediz Kağan ÖZGEN, Murat ÖZMEN, Elif KARADENİZ PÜTÜR, Mustafa ULUCAN, Hilmi NUHOĞLU, Fatih BÜYÜK, Aliye GÜLMEZ SAĞLAM, Elif ÇELİK, Mustafa Reha COŞKUN, Eray BÜYÜK, Mitat ŞAHİN

Chlamydophila abortus Kaynaklı Enzootik Koyun Abortlarının Başarılı Yönetimi: Şavşat Örneği (Türkiye)

Brucella melitensis, Campylobacter spp., Listeria spp., Chlamydophila abortus gibi bakteriyel ajanların neden olduğu infeksiyöz koyun abortları, koyun işletmelerinde önemli ekonomik kayıplara yol açarlar. Enzootik koyun abortlarına neden olan C. abortus ve sayılan diğer bakterilerin çoğu aynı zamanda bulaşıcı ve zoonotiktir. Doğru ve zamanında yapılan “iyi veteriner hekimlik” uygulamaları salgının idaresinde son derece önemli olup enfeksiyon kaynaklı ekonomik kayıpları minimum seviyeye indirmektedir. Bu çalışmada, Artvin ili Şavşat ilçesinde 850 Hemşin koyunu bulunan iki işletmede gözlenen infeksiyöz koyun abortlarının teşhis edilmesi ve salgının idaresi amaçlanmıştır. Hastalık, atık beş kuzuya ait fötal dokularda C. abortus DNA’sının konvansiyonel ve real-time PCR’ler ile saptanması ile teşhis edilmiştir. Teşhis, immunohistokimyasal yöntemlerle doğrulanmıştır. Salgın yönetimi kapsamında, atık yapan koyunlar ayıklanmış, 5 mL/koyun dozda oksitetrasiklin ile İ.M. yolla 24 saat arayla 5 defa sağaltılmış ve elden çıkarılıncaya kadar 3-4 hafta süresince beslenmiştir. Gebe koyunlara, ilk uygulama, 3 gün sonra ikinci uygulama ve 5 gün sonra üçüncü uygulama şeklinde İ.M. yolla 5 mL/koyun dozda oksitetrasiklin uygulanmıştır. Ayrıca bu hayvanlara 3 gün süresince 0.5 L suya 15 mL katılmak üzere aminoasit-mineral takviyesi de yapılmıştır. İlk ilaç uygulamasını takiben profilaktik amaçlı, 20 mg/kg c.a./gün dozda tetrasiklinin günde bir kez olmak üzere 3-5 gün süreyle içme sularına katılması tavsiye edilmiştir. Biyogüvenlik kapsamında, atık materyalleri sönmemiş kireçle kaplanarak toprağa 1.5 m derinlikte gömülmüş ve kontamine alanlar %0.5’lik çamaşır suyu ile günde bir kez olmak üzere 3 gün süreyle dezenfekte edilmiştir. Ulusal pazarda aşının olmayışı ve ileri gebe koyunlarda aşı uygulanması ile ilgili bazı endişelerden dolayı koruyucu bir aşılama yapılamamıştır. Koyun sürüleri doğum sezonu bitene kadar 4-5 hafta süreyle yakından takip edilmiştir.

Accomplished Management of Chlamydophila abortus-induced Enzootic Sheep Abortions: The Case of Şavşat (Turkey)

Infectious sheep abortions caused by bacterial agents such as Brucella melitensis, Campylobacter spp., Listeria spp., Chlamydophila abortus etc. lead significant economic losses in sheep enterprises. Many of these bacteria such as C. abortus that causes enzootic sheep abortion are contagious and zoonotic, as well. “Good veterinary practices” performed accurately and timely are extremely important in the management of the outbreak and minimizes the economic losses caused by these infections. This study aimed to diagnose infectious sheep abortions and to manage the outbreaks observed in two enterprises with 850 Hemşin sheep in Şavşat district of Artvin province, Turkey. The disease was diagnosed by conventional and real-time PCRs with detecting C. abortus DNA in five aborted fetal tissues. The diagnosis was confirmed immunohistochemically. In the course of the outbreak management, aborted sheep were weed out, treated with 5 mL/sheep I.M. of oxytetracycline for 5 times 24 h apart and got maintained for 3-4 weeks until disposed of by the owners. Pregnant sheep were administered 5 mL/sheep I.M. of oxytetracycline for 3 times as 3 days after the first application and 5 days after the second application. A mineral-amino acid supplement was also administered to the pregnant sheep by adding 15 mL of the drug to 0.5 L water for each sheep for 3 days. For the prophylactic purpose, tetracycline with a dose of 20 mg/kg bw/day was recommended to add to drinking water once a day for 3-5 days following the initial treatment. For biosafety, aborted materials were covered with quicklime and buried in soil depth of 1.5 m and contaminated areas were disinfected with 0.5% bleach once a day for 3 days. A protective immunization could not be done because of the absence of vaccines in the national market and some concerns about the vaccination of late-pregnant sheep. The sheep enterprises were closely monitored for 4-5 weeks until the birth season ended.

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