NATÜRALİZM VE TEİZM AÇISINDAN AKIL DELİLİNİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ

Akıl natüralist paradigmada doğal bir fenomen olarak görülür. Çağdaş zihin felsefecilerinin çoğunluğu aklın, evrimin bir yan ürünü ve beyin gibi karmaşık yapıdaki fiziksel sistemin zorunlu bir sonucu olduğunu düşünür. Buna göre, beynin sırları çözüldükçe akıl yürütmenin nasıl bir olay olduğu tamamen açıklanacak ve bu sayede yakın gelecekte tıpkı insan gibi düşünen yapay zekâların üretilmesi mümkün olacaktır. Fakat akıl öyle bir fenomendir ki, taşıdığı özellikler maddeye indirgenememekte ve indirgemeci materyalizmin dayandığı prensiplerle çatışmakta ve natüralist paradigmaya ciddi sorunlar çıkarmaktadır. Hatta aklı açıklama çabası, ondan şüphe etmeye yol açtığı için natüralizmi çürütmektedir. Elbette bu yeni bir argüman değildir, ancak zihin felsefesindeki son tartışmalar ışığında bugün bu iddia, her zamankinden daha da gelişmiş ve güçlenmiştir. Bu çalışmada son yıllarda öne çıkan birkaç filozof tarafından savunulan “akıl delili” bağlamında, aklın natüralizmin reddini gerektirdiğini ortaya koyacağız, ardından aklın varlığını açıklamada ve güvenilirliğini temellendirmede teizmin natüralizmden daha makul bir izah olduğunu savunacağız.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Akıl delili, din felsefesi, zihin felsefesi, natüralizm

AN EVALUATION OF THE ARGUMENT FROM REASON WITH REGARD TO NATURALISM AND THEISM

Reason has been regarded as a natural phenomenon in naturalist paradigm. Most of the philosophers of mind think that reason is the by-product of evolution and the necessary result of a complicated physical system such as brain. Accordingly, as the mysteries of brain are uncovered, reasoning process will be fully explained and by means of this knowledge an artificial intelligence which thinks like human brain does is going to be produced in the near future. However, reason is such a phenomenon that properties of which can not be reduced to matter and conflict with the basic principles of reductive materalism and naturalism. As a matter of fact every effort to naturalize reason eventually contributes to the refutation of naturalism, since it leads to a skepticism and jeopardizes the reliability of human reasoning. Certainly, this is not a new argument but it has became stronger and more sophisticated than ever in the light of contemporary debates in philosophy of mind. The purpose of this article is to explain with the help of “the argument from reason” how, indeed, aiming for naturalizing of reason makes naturalism to refute itself. Consequently the article argues that theism in lieu of naturalism is more reasonable concerning the existence of reason and founding the trust in reasoning.

Keywords:

The argument from reason, philosophy of religion philosophy of mind, naturalism, theism, evolution,

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