AŞIRI KARASULARI GENİŞLİĞİ İDDİALARINA DAİR

Aralarında Karasuları ve Bitişik Bölge Sözleşmesinin de olduğu dört Cenevre Sözleşmesini doğuran I. Deniz Hukuku Konferansı Birleşmiş Milletler himayesinde 1958’de Cenevre’de toplanmıştır. O zamanlar için büyük bir adım olarak nitelendirilen bu Sözleşme devletler arasında karasuları konusunda bir konsensüs sağlanamamasından ötürü tıpkı diğerleri gibi başarısız olmuştur. III. Deniz Hukuku Konferansı görüşmeleri esnasında ise 12 deniz mili galebe çalmıştır. Böylelikle, 1982 tarihli Birleşmiş Milletler Deniz Hukuku Sözleşmesi m. 3 uyarınca bir kıyı devleti 12 deniz millik bir genişliğe ka- dar karasularını belirleyebilecektir. Sözleşmenin kabûlünden bu yana, görüldüğü üzere, bu konuda geniş bir konsensüs sağlanmıştır. Buna karşılık, oldukça küçük sayıda devlet ısrarla çoğu 200 deniz mili olmak üzere daha geniş karasuları kullanmaktadır.

ON THE ISSUE OF EXCESSIVE TERRITORIAL SEA CLAIMS

The First LOS Conference had been gathered under the auspices of the United Nations in Geneva in 1958, which had produced the four Geneva Conventions, one of them being the Territorial Sea and the Contiguous Zone Convention. Yet, it was a big step in those days; this particular Convention among others were not a success in rela- tion with the lack of consensus on the issue of the breadth of the territorial sea amongst the participant states. During the negotiation process of the Third LOS Conference 12 nautical miles had prevailed. Ergo, a coastal state may designate the breadth of its territorial sea upto 12 nautical miles according to the article 3 of the UNCLOS. An ex- tensive consensus on this issue has been achieved since the adoption of the UNCLOS. However, a small number of states insistently use extensive breadths for their territorial sea, most of which are 200 nautical miles.

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