Tiroid Hastalıklarında Mikrobiyotanın Rolü

Bağırsak mikrobiyotası, konakçının sindirim ve immünolojik homeostazını sağlaması için gereklidir. Mikrobiyota homeostazı bozulduğunda ve disbiyoz meydana geldiğinde, epitel bariyerin bozulması başta immünolojik ve metabolik olmak üzere bağırsak ve sistemik bozukluklara yol açmaktadır. Bağırsak yolunun rolü, eksojen ve endojen iyodotironinler dahil olmak üzere besinlerin, ilaçların, hormonların, tiroid homeostazında yer alan mikro besinlerin metabolizmasında çok önemlidir. Yapılan çalışmalarda, bağırsak disbiyozu daha çok otoimmün tiroid hastalıklarında, tiroid karsinomunda tespit edilmiştir. Buna ek olarak, tiroid hastalıklarında bakteri çeşitliliği ve plazma tiroid parametreleri ile bakteri çeşitliliği arasında korelasyon gözlenmiştir. Buna rağmen tiroid homeostazı ile mikrobiyota bileşimi arasındaki bağlantı henüz netliğe kavuşmamıştır. Tiroid hastalıklarından muzdarip hastaları tedavi ederken, önerilecek probiyotik desteğinin, bağırsak bileşimine uygun yapılması konusunda ilgili klinik çalışmalara ihtiyaç olduğu görülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Beslenme, Mikrobiyota, Tiroid hastalıkları, Probiyotik desteği

Role of Microbiota in Thyroid Diseases

The intestinal microbiota is essential for the host to ensure digestive and immunologic homeostasis. When microbiota homeostasis is impaired and dysbiosis occurs, the malfunction of epithelial barrier leads to intestinal and systemic disorders, chiefly immunologic and metabolic. The role of the intestinal tract is crucial in the metabolism of nutrients, drugs, and hormones, including exogenous and endogenous iodothyronines as well as micronutrients involved in thyroid homeostasis. In the studies, intestinal dysbiosis was detected mostly in autoimmune thyroid diseases and thyroid carcinoma. In addition, a correlation was observed between bacterial diversity and plasma thyroid parameters and bacterial diversity in thyroid diseases. However, the link between thyroid homeostasis and microbiota composition has not yet been clarified. When treating patients suffering from thyroid diseases, it is seen that there is a need for relevant clinical studies on making the probiotic supplement to be recommended in accordance with the intestinal composition.

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