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Kalkınmada Güney Kore Örneği

Amaç – Bu çalışma ile G. Kore’de uygulanan ekonomi politikaları ve stratejilerin incelenmesi ve söz konusu uygulamaların Türkiye’de de geliştirilebilmesi için çeşitli politika önerilerinin sunulması amaçlanmaktadır. Yöntem – Bu çalışmada, ithal ikameci modelden başarılı bir şekilde ihracata dayalı sanayileşme modeline geçiş sağlayan ve günümüz itibariyle dünyadaki en büyük on birinci ülke ekonomisi konumuna sahip olan G. Kore’nin stratejik sektörlere yönelik olarak uyguladığı teşvik, AR-GE ve inovasyon politikaları incelenmektedir. Bulgular – Türkiye’de uygulanan ihracata dayalı sanayileşme modeline yönelik politikalar kapsamında; uluslararası piyasalarda rekabetçi konum elde etmek, yurt içindeki üretimi genişletmek; böylelikle istihdam yaratılması ve ülke ekonomisinin kalkınması hedeflenmiştir. Ancak günümüz itibariyle söz konusu serbestleşme politikaları sonucunda, Türkiye ekonomisi, hedeflenen seviyelerde büyüme ve istihdam yaratamamış; sürekli dış ticaret ve ödemeler dengesi açıkları veren bir konuma gelmiştir. Tartışma – Türkiye’nin de G. Kore gibi, sanayileşmede sektöre ilişkin seçiciliği ana ilke olarak benimsemesi gerekmektedir. Şöyle ki tüm sanayilerden ziyade, gelişme ve rekabet etme potansiyeline ve karşılaştırmalı üstünlüğe sahip olan stratejik sektörler belirlemek suretiyle; bahse konu sektörlerde üretimin desteklenmesine yönelik çeşitli teşvik politikaları izlemesi gerekmektedir. Zira G. Kore’nin seçilmiş (odak) sektörlere yönelik olarak uyguladığı politikaların incelenmesi, bu sektörlerin küresel değer zincirlerinden edindikleri pay ve bu deneyiminden yol gösterici derslerin çıkarılması, Türkiye’nin uzun dönem istikrarlı büyümeye ulaşmasına katkı sağlayacak nitelikte önemli bir örnektir.

The Case of South Korea in Development

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to analyze the economic policies implemented for the strategic sectors in S. Korea, which is a significant case for Turkey in achieving a stable growth path. Design/ Methodology/ Approach – Within the paper, the specific policies implemented by S. Korea, who have chosen strategic sectors and applied R & D or other incentive policies to those sectors and transformed from the export- led industrialization model to the import-substitution model successfully and finally became the largest eleventh economy in the world, are analyzed. Findings – Within the liberalization policies, Turkey has targeted to increase production, job creation, economic growth and achieve competitive position in international markets and finally locate at higher level in global value chains. However, as a result those policies implemented, Turkey's economy neither could be able to create growth nor employment at the targeted level. Furthermore Turkey’s economy has become a position that has continuous foreign trade and balance of payments deficits. Discussion – As S. Korea, Turkey has to select some strategic sectors for industrialization and adopt incentive policies for specifically those sectors. That is to say, by identifying strategic sectors that have the potential for development and competitiveness and comparative advantage, rather than all industries; Turkey should follow various incentive policies to support production in those sectors. Taking into account the economic policies implemented for the strategic sectors, S. Korea is a significant case for Turkey in achieving a stable growth path.

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