İnovasyon ile Küresel Rekabetçilik Düzeyi Arasındaki İlişkide Ekonomik Serbestliğin Düzenleyici Rolü

Amaç – Bu araştırmanın amacı, ülke ekonomilerinin inovasyon kabiliyeti ile küresel rekabetçilik düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkide ekonomik serbestliğin düzenleyici rolünü saptamaktır. Yöntem – Araştırma modelini test etmek amacıyla 2019 yılına ait üç farklı küresel rapordan (Küresel İnovasyon Endeksi, Ekonomik Serbestlik Endeksi ve Küresel Rekabetçilik Endeksi) elde edilen veriler analiz edilmiştir. Araştırmaya her üç raporda da verisi bulunan ülkeler dahil edildiği için, 125 ülke araştırmanın kapsamını oluşturmaktadır. Araştırma hipotezini test etmek amacıyla gerçekleştirilen düzenleyici etki analizlerinde Hayes (2018) tarafından geliştirilen Process Macro programı ve korelasyon analizlerinde SPSS 25 istatistik programı kullanılmıştır. Bulgular – Regresyon analiz sonuçları, ülkelerin ekonomik serbestlik düzeylerinin, inovasyon ve küresel rekabetçilik düzeyi arasındaki ilişkide düzenleyicilik rolü olduğunu göstermiştir. Özellikle inovasyon kabiliyetinin orta düzeyi geçtiği durumlarda eknomik serbestliğin düşük olması rekabetçlik üzerinde olumlu etkiye neden olmaktadır. Tartışma – Ülkelerin küresel rekabet gücünü arttırmak için uyguladıkları inovasyon politikalarında, ekonomik düzenlemelerin ihmal edilmemesi gereken kritik bir unsur olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Küresel işletmelerin ise doğrudan dış yatırım kararlarında aday ülkenin inovasyon gücü yanında ekonomik düzenlemelerini de göz önünde bulundurmaları önerilmektedir.

The Moderator Role of Economic Freedom in the Relationship Between Innovation and Global Competitiveness

Purpose – This study aims to determine the moderator role of economic freedom in the relationship between the economies' ability of the country's economies and global competitiveness levels. Design/methodology/approach – The data obtained from three global reports (Global Innovation Index, Economic Freedom Index, and Global Competitiveness Index) of 2019 were analyzed to test the research model. The scope of the research consists of 125 countries that have data in all three global reports. The research hypothesis test was carried out with Hayes's (2018) Process Macro program for the moderator effect analysis and the SPSS 25 statistical program for correlation analysis. Findings – Regression analysis results showed that countries' economic freedom levels have a moderator role in the relationship between innovation and global competitiveness. Notably, when the country's innovation capability exceeds the medium level, low economic freedom positively affects global competitiveness. Discussion – The results reveal that economic regulations are a critical factor that should not be neglected in countries' innovation policies to increase their global competitiveness. Accordingly, it is recommended that global enterprises consider the candidate country's innovation power and economic regulations in foreign direct investment decisions.

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