Algılanan Örgütsel Destek, İş Tatmini ve Diğergamlık İlişkisi: Akademisyenler Üzerine Bir Araştırma

Amaç- Bu çalışmada algılanan örgütsel destek, iş tatmini ve diğergamlık değişkenleri arasındaki ilişkileri ortaya koymak amaçlanmıştır. Yöntem- Araştırma verileri, bir üniversitede çalışan 318 akademisyenden elde edilmiştir. Çalışmada öncelikle geçerlilik ve güvenilirlik analizleri yapılmıştır. Söz konusu bağımlı ve bağımsız değişkenler arasındaki ilişkileri ortaya koyabilmek, ayrıca hipotezleri test edebilmek için korelasyon ve regresyon analizleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. Aracılık etkisini ortaya koyabilmek için Baron ve Kenny’nin dört aşamalı modeli uygulanmıştır. Bulgular- Yapılan korelasyon analizine göre algılanan örgütsel destek ile diğergamlık ve iş tatmini arasında pozitif yönde anlamlı bir ilişki olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Regresyon analizi sonucunda algılanan örgütsel desteğin iş tatmini ve diğergamlık üzerinde anlamlı bir etkisinin olduğu, iş tatmininin de gene diğergamlık üzerinde anlamlı bir etkisinin olduğu görülmektedir. Bununla birlikte araştırma bulguları algılanan örgütsel desteğin diğergamlık davranışı üzerindeki etkisinde iş tatmininin kısmi aracılık etkisinin olduğunu da göstermektedir. Tartışma- Bir vakıf üniversitesinde görev yapan 318 akademisyenden elde edilen bulgular değerlendirildiğinde üniversite yönetiminin akademisyenleri desteklemesi, iş tatminlerini sağlaması ve diğergamlık davranışlarını artırmaya yönelik faaliyetlerde bulunması gerektiği düşünülmektedir. Üniversite tarafından akademisyenlerin beklentileri karşılandığı sürece onlar üniversitenin beklentilerini karşılamak için gayret göstermektedirler. Buna göre üniversitedeki başarının artması için sosyal, psikolojik ve ekonomik ihtiyaçlar karşılanmalıdır. Gelecek çalışmalar için farklı kültürlerden oluşan kamu veya yabancı üniversiteler arasında karşılaştırmalı olarak değişkenlerin tekrar ele alınması, literatüre katkı sunulması adına faydalı olabilecektir.

Relationships of Perceived Organizational Support, Job Satisfaction and Altruism: A Research on Academicians

Purpose- In this study, it is aimed to show the effect of perceived organizational support on job satisfaction and altruism behavior. Design/Methodology/Approach- The research data was obtained from 318 people working in a private university. The reliability and validity of the measurement instrument are tested before. Correlation and series of regression analyses are applied for investigating relationships and testing research hypotheses. Baron and Kenny’s four step procedures are employed in order to test mediation effect. Findings- According to the correlation analysis, there is a significant positive correlation among perceived organizational support, altruism behavior, and job satisfaction. As a result of regression analysis, perceived organizational support has a meaningful effect on job satisfaction and altruism. However, research findings show that the effect of perceived organizational support is partly mediated by job satisfaction in the effect on altruism. Discussion- When the findings, which derived from 318 academicians working in a private university that, are evaluated: it is thought that university administration must support them, make them satisfied and do some attempts for raising altruistic behaviors. Academicians perform well to meet the expectations of administration as long as their expectations are met by administration. Accordingly, social, psychological and economical needs must be met for increasing of success. For further studies, it may be functional to enrich the literature whether there is a comparative revisiting of these variables on state or foreign universities composed of different cultures.

PDF

___

Aksoy, M. ve Sökmen, A.(2018). Algılanan Örgütsel Desteğin Örgütsel Çıktılar Üzerine Etkileri: Otel İşletmelerinde Bir Araştırma, Journal of Tourism and Gastronomy Studies, 6(1), 200-212.
Allen, D. G., Shore, L. M., and Griffeth, R. W. (2003). The role of perceived organizational support and supportive human resource practices in the turnover process. Journal of Management, 29(1), 99-118.
Aydıntan,B. and Koç,H. (2016).The Relationship between Job Satisfaction and Life Satisfaction: An Empirical Study on Teachers. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 7(10), 72-80.
Baron, R. M., and Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator–mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of personality and social psychology, 51(6), 1173-1182.
Bateman, T., and Organ, D.W.(1983). Job Satisfaction and The Good Soldier: The Relationship Between Affect and Employee Citizenship, Academy of Management Journal, 26(4), 587-595.
Becker T.E. and Vance R.J.(1993). Construct Validity of Three Types of Organizational Citizenship Behavior: An Illustration of the Direct Product Model with Refinements, Journal of Management, 19(3),663-682.
Bitmiş, M.G., Sökmen, A. ve Turgut, H. (2014). Örgütsel Vatandaşlık Davranışı Ölçeği: Geçerlilik ve Güvenilirliğinin Yeniden Değerlendirilmesi. Gazi Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 16(2), 1-14.
Blau, P.M. (1964).Exchange and Power in Social Life, New Brunswick, New Jersey.
Brief A. A. and Motowidlo J. S. (1986). Prosocial Organizational Behaviors, Academy of Management Review, 11(4), 710-725.
Cappelli, P. and Rogovsky, N.(1998). Employee Involvement And Ocb Implıcations For Labor Law Reform And Lean Production, Industrial And Labor Relations Review, 51(4), 633-653.
Cellucci, A. J., and DeVries, D. L. (1978). Measuring managerial satisfaction: A manual for the MJSQ (No. 11). Center for Creative Leadership.
Christen, M., Iyer, G.,and Soberman, D. (2006). Job Satisfaction, Job Performance, and Effort: A Reexamination Using Agency Theory, Journal of Marketing, January, 70, 137–150.
Clark, M.S. and Isen, A.M. (1982). Toward Understanding the Relationship Between Feeling States and Social Behavior (Eds. A.H. Hastorf and A.M. Isen.) Cognitive Social Psychology. New York: Elsevier. 73-108.
Cropanzano,R.S. and Kacmar,K.M.(1997). Organizational Politics, Justice, and Support: Managing The Social Climate Of The Workplace, Quorum Books Westport, Connecticut London.
Eisenberger, R., Huntington, R., Hutchison, S., and Sowa, D. (1986). Perceived organizational support, Journal of Applied Psychology, 71(3), 500-507.
Eisenberger,R., Fasolo,P. and Davis-LaMastro,V.(1990). Perceived Organizational Support and Employee Diligence, Commitment and Innovation, Journal of Applied Psychology, 75(1), 51–59.
Eisenberger,R., Cummings,J., Armeli,S. and Lynch,P. (1997) “Perceived Organizational Support, Discretionary Treatment, and Job Satisfaction”, Journal of Applied Psychology, 82(5), 812-820.
Eisenberger, R., Armeli, S., Rexwinkel, B., Lynch, P. D.,and Rhoades, L. (2001). Reciprocation of Perceived Organizational Support, Journal of Applied Psychology, 86(1), 42-51.
Eisenberger, R. , Shoss, M. K., Karagonlar, G., Gonzalez-Morales, M. G., Wickham,E. R. and Buffardi, L.C. (2014). The Supervisor POS-LMX- Subordinate Pos Chain: Moderation by Reciprocation Wariness and Supervisor’s Organizational Embodiment, Journal of Organizational Behavior, 35(5), 635-656.
Gantt, E.E., and Burton, J.(2012). Egoism, altruism, and the ethical foundations of personhood, Journal of Humanistic Psychology, 53(4) 438–460.
George, J. M. (1989). Mood and Absence, Journal of Applied Psychology, 74(2), 317–324.
Gouldner, A.W. (1960), “The Norm of Reciprocity: A Preliminary Statement”, American Sociological Review, 25, 161–178.
Hackman, J.R. and Oldham, G.R. (1976). Motivation through the design of work: test of a theory, Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 16(3), 250-279.
Hellman, C. M., Fuqua D.R. and Worley, J. (2006). A Reliability Generalization Study On The Survey Of Perceived Organizational Support: The Effects Of Mean Age And Number Of Items On Score Reliability, Educational and Psychological Measurement, 66(4), 631-642.
Hoppock, R. (1935). Job satisfaction. New York, NY: Harper and Brothers.
Ilies, R., Scott, B. A. and Judge, T. A. (2006). The Interactive Effect of Personal Trait And Experienced States on Intraindividual Patterns of Citizenship Behavior, Academy of Management Journal, 29 (3), 561-575.
Kalleberg, A.L.(1977). Work Values and Job rewards: A Theory of Job Satisfaction, American Sociological Review, 42(1), 124-143.
Kenek, G., Sökmen, A. ve Ekmekçioğlu, E.B.(2017). Örgütsel Adalet Algısı ile Algılanan Örgütsel Destek İlişkisi: Bir Kamu Kurumunda Araştırma. Avrasya Sosyal ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi, 4(9), 53-60.
Koç, H. (2011). The impact of managers’ leadership behaviors on job satisfaction and performance of employees. African Journal of Business Management, 5(30), 11836-11843.
Kurtessis, J. N., Eisenberger, R., Ford, M. T., Buffardi, L. C., Stewart, K. A. and Adis, C. S. (2017), Perceived Organizational Support: A Meta-Analytic Evaluation of Organizational Support Theory, Journal of Management, 43(6), 1854–1884.
Locke, E.A.(1976). The nature and causes job satisfaction. (Edit. M. D. Dunnette). Handbook Of Industrial and Organizational Psychology, Chicago: Rand McNally, (pp. 1297-1343).
Locke, E.A.(1983). Job satisfaction and role clarity among university and college faculty. Review of Higher Education, 6(4), 343-65.
Lynch,P.D., Eisenberger,R. and Armeli,S.(1999). Perceived Organizational Support: Inferior vs Superior Performance By Wary Employees, Journal of Applied Psychology, 84(4), 467-483.
Mete, E.S. and Sökmen, A.(2017). Exploring the Relationship between Job Satisfaction and Turnover Intention among Employees in Hospitality Industry: The Moderating Role of Gender. International Review of Management and Business Research, 6(3), 1287-1298.
Morrison E.W.(1994).Role Definitions and Organizational Citizenship Behavior:The Importance of the Employee's Perspective,The Academy of Management Journal, 37(6), 1543-1567.
Murphy, G., Athanasou, J., Neville, K. (2002). Job Satisfaction And Organizational Citizenship Behaviour: A Study Of Australian Human-Service Professionals, Journal of Managerial Psychology, 17(4), 287-297.
Organ, D.W.(1977). “A reappraisal and reinterpretation of the satisfaction-causes- performance hypothesis”, Academy of Management Review, 2(1), 46-53.
Organ, D.W.(1988). Organizational Citizenship Behavior: The Good Soldier Syndrome, Lexington Books, Lexington, MA.
Organ, D. and Ryan, K.A.(1995). Meta-Analytic Review of Attitudinal and Dispositional Predictors of organizational Citizenship Behavior, Personnel Psychology, 48(4), 775-82.
Organ, D.W.(1997). Organizational Citizenship Behavior: It’s Construct Clean-Up Time, Human Performance, 10(2), 85-97.
Organ, D., Podsakoff, P., and MacKenzie, S. (2006). Organizational citizenship behavior: Its nature, antecedents, and consequences. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
Piercy, N.F., Cravens, D.W., Lane, N. and Vorhies, D.W. (2006). “Driving Organizational Citizenship Behaviors and Salesperson In-Role Behavior Performance, The Role of Management Control and Perceived Organizational Support”, Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 34(2), 244-262.
Podsakoff, P.M. and MacKenzie, S.B. (1994). Organizational Citizenship Behaviors and Sales Unit Effectiveness, Journal of Marketing Research, August, 31(3), 351-363.
Podsakoff, P.M., Mackenzie, S.B., Paine, J.B. and Bachrach, D.G. (2000). “Organizational Citizenship Behaviors: A Critical Review Of The Theoretical and Empirical Literature and Suggestions For Future Research”, Journal of Management, 26(3), 513-563.
Porter, L. and Lawler, E.(1968). Managerial attitudes and performance. Homewood, IL: Richard Irwin, Inc.
Randall, M.L, Cropanzano, R., Bormann, C.A., and Birjulin, A. (1999). Organizational politics and organizational supports as predictiors of work attitudes, job performance, and organizational citizenship behavior, Journal of Organizational Behavior, 20(2), 159-174.
Rhoades, L., Eisenberger, R. and Armeli, S.(2001). Affective Commitment To The Organization: The Contribution Of Perceived Organizational Support, Journal Of Applied Psychology, 86(5), 825-836.
Rhoades, L. and Eisenberger, R.(2002). Percieved Organizational Support: A Review of Literature, Journal of Applied Psychology, 87(4), 698–714.
Riggle, R. J., Edmondson, D. R., and Hansen, J. D. (2009). A meta-analysis of the relationship between perceived organizational support and job outcomes: 20 years of research. Journal of Business Research, 62(10), 1027-1030.
Schnake M. (1991). Organizational Citizenship: A Review, Proposed Model and Research Agenda, Human Relations, 44(7), 735-759.
Smith, C.A., Organ, D.W., and Near, J.P.(1983). “Organizational Citizenship Behavior: Its Nature and Antecedents”, Journal of Applied Psychology, 68(4), 653-663.
Spector, P. (2003). Industrial and organizational psychology: Research and practice (3rd ed.). New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons.
Sökmen, A. ve Aydıntan, B. (2016). Kariyer Geleceği Algısının İş Tatmini ve İşten Ayrılma Niyetine Etkisi: Bir Kamu Kurumunda Araştırma. Journal of Business Research Turk-ISARDER, 8(3), 251-263.
Sökmen, A., Benk, O. ve Gayaker, S. (2017). Örgüt Kültürü, Örgütsel Vatandaşlık Davranışı ve Örgütsel Bağlılık İlişkisi: Bir Kamu Kurumunda Araştırma. Gazi Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 19(2), 415-429.
Sökmen, A. ve Bıyık, Y. (2016). Örgütsel Bağlılık, Örgütsel Özdeşleşme, Kişi-Örgüt Uyumu ve İş Tatmini İlişkisi: Bilişim Uzmanlarına Yönelik Bir Araştırma. Bilişim Teknolojileri Dergisi, 9(2), 221-227.
Sökmen, A. ve Ekmekçioğlu, E.B. (2016). Algılanan Örgütsel Desteğin Duygusal Bağlılıkla İlişkisinde İş Tatmininin Aracılık Rolü: Kamu Sektöründe Bir Araştırma. İşletme Araştırmaları Dergisi, 8(2), 118-133.
Sökmen,A., Şahal,S. ve Söylemez,M. (2015). Örgütsel Adaletin Örgütsel Vatandaşlık Davranışına Etkisi: Savunma Sektöründe Bir Araştırma. İşletme Araştırmaları Dergisi, 7(4), 66-91. Vroom, V.H. (1964). Work and motivation. Oxford, England: Wiley.
Wayne, S.J., Shore, L.M., Bommer, W.H. and Tetrick, L.E. (2002). “The Role of Fair Treatment and Rewards in Perceptions of Organizational Support and Leader-Member Exchange”, Journal of Applied Psychology, 87(3), 590-598.
Williams, L.J. and Anderson, S.E. (1991). “Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment as Predictors of Organizational Citizenship and In-Role Behaviors”, Journal of Management, 17(3), 601-617.
Yazıcıoğlu, İ. ve Sökmen, A. (2007). Otel İşletmelerinin Yiyecek-İçecek Departmanlarında Görev Yapan İşgörenlerin İş Tatmin Düzeylerinin Değerlendirilmesi: Adana’da Bir Uygulama. Muğla Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, Bahar, Sayı 18, 1-23.